Chapter 3: Integumentary System Dual Credit Medical Terminology
Objectives Describe the type of medical treatment the dermatologist provides. Identify the integumentary system structures by labeling and anatomical illustrations. Describe the primary functions of the integumentary system. Describe common disease related to the integumentary system. Describe common diagnostic, medical, and surgical procedures related to the integumentary system. Apply your word-building skills by constructing various medical terms related to the integumentary system. Describe common abbreviations and symbols related to the integumentary system. Reinforce word elements and their meanings by completing the flash card activities. Recognize, define, pronounce, and spell terms correctly. Demonstrate your knowledge of this chapter by successfully completing the frames, review, and medical report evaluations.
Medical Specialty (pg 63) Dermatology Branch of medicine concerned with diagnosis and treatment of disease involving the skin and the relationship of skin lesions to system disease. Dermatologist Specializes in skin disease
A&P Integumentary System See Figure 3-1 on page 64 Skin Largest organ in the body Protection from environment to maintain homeostasis Accessory organs Hair Nails Sebaceous glands Sweat glands See Figure 3-1 on page 64
Word Element Meaning adip/o Lip/o Steat/o Fat (fatty tissue) Cutane/o Dermat/o Derm/o Skin Hidr/o Sudor/o Sweat Ichthy/o Dry, scaly Kerat/o Horny tissue; hard; cornea Melan/o Balck Myc/o Fungus (plural: fungi) Onych/o Nail Pil/o Trich/o Hair Scler/o Hardening; sclear (white of eye) Seb/o Sebum,sebaceous Squam/o Scale Xer/o dry
Suffixes Meaning -derma Skin -oid Resembling -phoresis Carrying, transmission -plasty Surgical repair -therapy Treatment
Skin Skin Two layers: Epidermis: outside layer. Does not have blood or nerve supply. Stratum corneum: dead flat cells. Has keratin. Basal layer: living, continues reproduction. Has melanocytes to make melanin increases with uv light exposure Do some people have more melanocytes than others? No, mostly the same. Just some produce melanin more than others. Dermis: deep layer. Consist of nerve and blood vessels.
Accessory Organs of the Skin Sebaceous (oil) glands All areas of body that have hair Oilsebum, keeps hair and skin soft and pliable & inhibits bacteria growth Increased oil in puberty = blocked hair follicle = comedos (blackhead) Bacteria feed on sebum = pustules (whiteheads) Sudoriferous (sweat) glands Hair Nails (see figure 3-3) Formed at nail root Made of keratin Nail grows makes MATRIX beneath CUTICLE slides forward on NAIL BED. NAIL BODY is pink and you can see LUNULA at the base.
Forms Denoting Color (pg 80) Combining Form Meaning Albin/o White Cyan/o Blue Erythr/o Red Leuk/o Melan/o Black Xanth/o yellow
AIDS Kaposi sarcoma Sarc/o means flesh Malignant skin tumor commonly associated with patients who are diagnosed with acquired immune deficiency syndrome Usually fatal
Abbreviation Meaning AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome BCC Basal Cell Carcinoma cm Centimeter (1/100) Derm Dermatology FH Family history FS Frozen section I&D Incision and drainage; irrigation and debridement ID Intradermal IM Intramuscular IMP Impression PE Physical Exam subcu, Sub-Q, subQ Subcutaneous ung Ointment WBC White Blood Cell XP, XDP Xeroderma pigmentosum
Signs, Symptoms and Disease Abrasion: scraping or rubbing away of surface Abscess: localized collection of pus Furuncle: abscess originates in hair follicle (boil) Carbuncle: cluster of furuncles in subcutaneous tissue Acne: inflammatory disease of sebaceous follicle of skin Alopecia: absence or loss of hair Cyst: closed sac or pouch in or under the skin with a definite wall that contains fluid, semifluid or solid material Eczema: redness of the skin caused by swelling of the capillaries (from various causes: allergies, irritating chemicals, drugs, scratching, rubbing, sun exposure)
Signs, Symptoms and Disease Ecchymosis: skin discoloration consisting of large, irregularly formed hemorrhagic area Petechia: minute, pinpoint hemorrhagic spot of skin Hematoma: elevated, localized collection of blood trapped under skin Hirsutism: excessive growth of hair Impetigo: bacterial skin infection characterized by isolated pustules Psoriasis: chronic skin disease, itchy red patches Scabies: contagious skin disease from itch mite Tinea: fungal infection (ringworm) Urticaria: allergic reaction of skin, pale-red elevated patches itchy (hives)
Signs, Symptoms and Disease Verruca: round epidermal growth caused by virus (wart) Vitiligo: localized loss of skin pigmentation, milk-white patches (leukoderma)
Diagnostic Procedures (pg 91) Skin test: determine allergen (figure 3-11)
Medical & Surgical Procedures Cryosurgery: subfreezing temp to remove unwanted tissue Debridement: removal of foreign material and dead cells (burns) Electrodessicaion: high-frequency electrical sparks used to dehydrate and destroy diseased tissue I&D: incision of lesion and then drainage Skin graft: surgical procedure to transplant healthy tissue Allograft, autograft, xenograft (heterograft)