February 3, 2012 Today: Terms Intro to Diseases WEDNESDAY: Ch 2 Test

Animal Safety & Handling Chapter 2

In this chapter: Importance of safety Discuss diseases Preventing human infection Restraint procedures Chemical safety

Terms Evulsions Immune Gamma Globulin (IGG) Intermediate Host A tear or pulled out wound (a bite) Immune Gamma Globulin (IGG) Antibodies Intermediate Host A host that a parasitic organism lives on during an immature stage

Terms Intradermal Intramuscular Parasites Within the skin Within the muscle Parasites Organisms that live on or within another organism and host, deriving food from that host (Ex: ticks and worms)

Terms Reservoir Sustenance Zoonoses An immune host FOOD! Diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans

Risks with Small Animals Zoonoses Rabies Bubonic Plague (Gangrene) Ascarids (Roundworm) Hookworms Vaccination and deworming

Risks with Small Animals Toxoplasmosis Clean that litter!! Ringworm It’s a fungus! (Not a worm!) Psittacosis Parrot fever Cat-scratch fever Salmonellosis Streptococcal infections

Non-Disease Risks Bites Scratches Potential for infection? Dependent on area Animal identification Domestic vs Wild

February 6, 2012 Review Diseases Physical Restraint Attire Top 15ish things to know! Tomorrow: REVIEW Wednesday: TEST!!

Diseases Roundworms and hookworms Deworming Preventative Drug Programs Recognize and avoid contaminated outdoor objects Remove animal waste from play areas and yard Obey leash laws.

Toxoplasmosis Infection from a parasite Causes Symptoms in humans: Careless handling of litter Eating contaminated soil Symptoms in humans: Enlarged lymph nodes in the head and neck Headache Mild illness with fever, similar to mononucleosis Muscle pain Sore throat

Ringworm Skin infection due to a fungus Causes: Treatment: Fungus, not a worm Touching someone or something with the infection, or items contaminated by the fungus (VERY EASILY SPREAD!) Warm, moist areas Treatment: Keep your skin clean and dry. Apply over-the-counter antifungal or drying powders, lotions, or creams that contain miconazole or clotrimazole Don't wear clothing that rubs the area. Wash sheets and pajamas

Psittacosis Spread through contact with contaminated bird feces (rare) Symptoms: Blood-tinged sputum Dry cough Fatigue Fever and chills Headache Joint aches Muscle aches Shortness of breath Treatment: Antibiotics

Cat-scratch fever-Bartonella henselae Contact with an infected cat or saliva on broken skin or white of the eye Symptoms: Bump or blister at site of injury Fatigue Fever (in some) Headache Lymph node swelling near the site Overall discomfort Treatment: Not usually necessary

Salmonellosis Infection in the lining of the small intestine Symptoms: Eaten improperly prepared or stored food Family with recent salmonella infection Recent family illness with gastroenteritis A pet iguana or other lizards, turtles, or snakes Symptoms: Abdominal pain or cramping or tenderness Chills, Diarrhea, Fever Muscle pain, Nausea, Vomiting Treatment: Replace fluids and electrolytes lost by diarrhea. Antibiotics Acetaminophen or ibuprofen (fever and aches) BRAT diet: Bananas, rice, applesauce, and toast. These are binding foods

Streptococcal infections Group A and group B Group A strep: Strep throat Scarlet fever - red rash on the body Impetigo - a skin infection Toxic shock syndrome Cellulitis and necrotizing fasciitis (flesh-eating disease) Group B strep: Blood infections Pneumonia Meningitis in newborns Urinary tract infections Skin infections Treatment: Antibiotics

Rabies! Questions to ask: Species of animal Frequency of rabies in the area Circumstances around bite Behavior of animal Can animal be quarantined and observed Is animal brain examination available

Animal Care Workers Protection? Proper first aid and handling Intradermal “pre-exposure” injections Intramuscular “exposure” injections Proper first aid and handling

AHD Alveolar Hydatid Disease Tapeworm Cause: Possible illegal shipments of animals Intermediate hosts: Fox, coyotes & mice Symptoms: Eggs hatch in SI Migrate to liver/kidney & develop cysts Treatment: Surgical removal of cysts

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Carried by ticks Symptoms Chills, Confusion, Fever Headache, Muscle pain Rash –starting at extremities Treatment Careful removal of tick Antibiotics

Lyme Disease Bacterial infection from blacklegged tick bites Numbers to remember: 3 & 5!! Risk factors: Doing outside activities that increase tick exposure Having a pet that may carry ticks home Walking in high grasses Important facts: Tick must be attached to your body for 24 – 36 hours Many people with Lyme disease never saw a tick on their body. Most people who are bitten by a tick do not get Lyme disease. Symptoms: Body-wide itching, Chills, Fever General ill-feeling, Headache, Light-headedness or fainting Muscle pain, Stiff neck Treatment: Removal of tick, and antibiotic

Tapeworm Caused by: Symptoms: Treatment: A tapeworm! You guessed it!! Symptoms: Usually no outward symptoms Abdominal discomfort in some Treatment: Oral medication, often single dose

Physical Restraint Why? Page 18-20 Danger of animal to itself Danger of animal to other animals or people Injury Scared or confused Sick Transportation Catch Page 18-20

Proper Attire for Animal Handling You may need: Rubber boots or gloves Face mask Eye protection Long sleeves or pants Ear protection Hats or head protection Lab coat

The General Gist of the Matter… Always wear protective clothing and equipment when the job requires it Always wash protective clothing and equipment after use to prevent contamination Wash hands and face after completing a job to make sure all chemical residue is removed If required, shower after completing a job so that chemical residue is completely removed from the body

Wash hands frequently while working with animals, especially if working with different species and in different areas. This will prevent contamination to other animals and will prevent self-contamination Keep hands away from the mouth, eyes, and face when working with chemicals and animals to prevent contamination Do not consume food or drinks in areas where contamination could occur, and do not store these items in areas where contamination could occur.

Remove uniforms, lab coats, and coveralls when leaving an area that could be contaminated Never wash uniforms, lab coats, and coveralls with regular clothing Make sure all containers are correctly labeled to prevent the misuse of a chemical. Dispose of all chemicals and their containers according to proper procedure or instructions on the label Students and small animal workers should be instructed in the proper methods of handling small animals Keep a first aid kit nearby, and make sure anyone involved with animal care is aware of the location.