INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM JOSE A.S. SANTIAGO M.D.
The Skin Largest organ of the body Two layers Epidermis Dermis Subcutaneous layer-hypodermis Not part of skin
The Skin
Epidermis Outer layer of the skin Consists of epithelial tissue(epithelium) No blood vessels or nerves
Epidermis Melanocytes-cells that produce melanin Melanin-pigment responsible for skin color
Epidermis Keratinocytes-cells that produce keratin Keratin-protein found in hairs, nails,palms and soles of feet
Dermis Connective tissue Contains hair follicles, blood vessels, nerves, and glands Thermoregulation Four types of cells: Fibroblasts Macrophages Mast Cells Plasma Cells
Subcutaneous Tissue Not part of skin Connects dermis to the muscles and organs below Fatty tissue Insulates structures from temperature extremes
Related Organs Hair Nails Glands Sebaceous glands-produce sebum Sudoriferous glands-produce sweat Ceruminous glands-produce cerumen
Additional Roots Cry/o cold Leuk/o white Papill/o nipple-like Scler/o hardening Xer/o dry
Additional Suffixes -ism process -ium; -um structure -sis state of; condition
Roots Albin/o white Albinism –lack of pigment in the skin,hair and eyes
Roots Adip/o fat Adipose –pertaining to fat
Roots Bi/o life Skin biopsy-piece of skin is removed for microscopic examination
Roots Cutane/o skin Subcutaneous –pertaining to under the skin
Roots Cyan/o - blue Cyanotic-bluish discoloration of the skin
Roots Derm/o; dermat/o- skin Dermatitis-inflammation of the skin
Roots Diaphor/e - profuse sweating Diaphoresis
Roots Epitheli/o- covering Epithelium-covering of internal and external surfaces of the body
Roots Erythemat/o; erythr/o- red Erythematous-redness of the skin
Roots Hidr/o- sweat Hyperhidrosis-excessive sweating
Roots Kerat/o; keratin/o- hard; hornlike Hyperkeratosis-excessive growth of outer layer of the skin
Roots Lip/o- fat Lipoma-tumor containing fat
Roots Melan/o -black Melanocyte-cell that produces melanin
Roots Myc/o -fungus Onychomycosis-fungal infection of the nail
Roots Onych/o - nail Onychomycosis-fungal infection of the nail
Roots Necr/o -death Necrotic tissue-dead tissue
Roots Pil/o -hair Pilosebaceous-hair follicle and sebaceous gland
Roots Ras/o -scrape Abrasion-scraping of the outer surface of injured skin
Roots Rhytid/o -wrinkle Rhytidectomy-removal of wrinkles; facelift
Roots Seb/o -sebum Seborrhea-increased discharge of sebum
Roots Ungu/o -nail Periungual-around the nail
Prefix Py/o -pus Pyoderma-pus producing disease of the skin
Suffixes -oma tumor; mass Hemangioma-tumor of blood vessels
Suffix -derma -skin Pyoderma-pus producing disease of the skin
Suffixes -dermis; -derma skin Leukoderma-white patches in the skin
Suffixes -dermis; -derma: skin Scleroderma-hardening of the skin
Suffixes -dermis; -derma: skin Xeroderma-drying of the skin
Aging Collagen breakdown Decrease of keratinocytes and melanocytes Decrease production of sebaceous glands Irregular production of melanin Hair follicles less productive
Burns Burn- destruction of skin by heat, chemicals, electricity, or radiation Classification of Burns First-degree burn- involves epidermis Ex.: sunburn
Burns Second-degree burn (partial-thickness burn)- involves epidermis and upper-portion of the dermis; erythema
Burns Third-degree burn (Full-thickness burn) –involves the epidermis and all of the dermis; skin is black and charred
Burns Fourth-degree burn – involves skin and muscle
Rule of Nine in Burns
Major complications of burns Infection- bacteria easily enter the body because of skin destruction Shock- loss of fluid leads to a drop in blood-pressure Toxicity- toxins released from burned skin are poisonous to the body
Treatment for burns 1.Debridement- removal of dead or burned skin 2.Skin grafting- skin transplant for major burns 3.Application of ointment for minor burns
Skin Cancer Melanoma- tumor arising from melanocytes
Skin Cancer Carcinoma- tumor arising from epithelial cells
Skin Cancer Sarcoma- tumor arising from connective tissue
Abbreviations Bx biopsy SC, subq, subcut subcutaneous UV ultraviolet
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