Cells – what’s the big deal?

What is a cell? The cell is the smallest unit of life. Cells are too small to see except under a microscope. All living things are made up of cells. Some living things consist of just one cell like bacteria. Others, such as tiny pond plants and animals may contain several hundred. Large organisms like the rhinoceros or a pine tree are made of millions and millions of cells.

What does ‘living’ mean? Being alive/ living / having life all mean the same thing A living thing is defined as something that has three properties: Metabolism: able to take in energy (food, water, fuel...) and process it Reproduction: able to reproduce themselves Growth: able to grow Using these three properties, is a rock alive? How about a tree? Complete the task on the next slide.

What is Alive? List these words in your books and circle the living things Wood Tree Grass Ball Dog Earth Muffin Person Book Airplane Apple Apple tree Goldfish Bird Rock

What is Alive? List these words in your books and circle the living things Apple Apple tree Goldfish Bird Rock Wood Tree Grass Ball Dog Earth Muffin Person Book Airplane What do you think??

Many different types of cells There are many different types of cells. Each cells shape, structure, and contents allow it to do a specialized job and contribute to keeping the whole body alive. For example, in humans we have muscle cells, blood cells, bone cells, nerve cells, and skin cells among many others. However, the majority of cells have the same basic components (organelles).

Wake up! Cell song: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rABKB5aS2Zg

Cell organelles Sooooo, the majority of cells have the same what?... …the same basic components (organelles) To learn about these organelles we are going to focus on Two main types of cells: plant cells & animal cells Some organelles are found in both cell types while some are found only in plant cells These special organelles are needed for the plant to carry out special functions needed by the plant

Animal and Plant Cells Animal and plant cells

Main organelles (there are several more) Found in both PLANT and ANIMAL cells: Cell membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus Found in only PLANT cells: Chloroplast Vacuole Cell wall

Cell Membrane Cell membrane One part found in all cells is the cell membrane. The cell membrane surrounds the cell and holds the cell together. It controls what chemicals can enter and leave the cell.

Nucleus Nucleus Another part found in all cells is the nucleus. The nucleus controls the cell. Inside the nucleus is DNA which contains genetic information.

Cytoplasm Cytoplasm All cells also contain cytoplasm. Cytoplasm is a jelly-like mixture of chemicals where most of the work of the cell takes place, including chemical reactions!

Parts of a Plant Cell Plant cell parts Plant cells may contain some extra parts.

Chloroplasts (plant cells) Chloroplasts are disc shaped containers that contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis.

Cell wall (plant cells) The cell wall is a strong outer layer to support the cell and give it shape.

Vacuole Vacuole (plant cells) The vacuole where the plant cell stores its sap- containing nutrients and water (the food that it has made)

In reality …. More complicated! Most cells are much more complicated than this!

There’s more organelles??? There sure is! Plant and animal cells also contain: Ribosomes Golgi apparatus Mitochondria Lysosomes Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Time to check your learning & note taking ability!

Question 1 ? cytoplasm cell wall chloroplast cell membrane

Question 1 ? cytoplasm cell wall chloroplast cell membrane

Question 2 ? cell wall cell membrane sap vacuole cytoplasm

Question 2 ? cell wall cell membrane sap vacuole cytoplasm

Question 3 ? cytoplasm sap vacuole chloroplast nucleus

Question 3 ? cytoplasm sap vacuole chloroplast nucleus

Question 4 cytoplasm cell wall chloroplast cell membrane ?

Question 4 cytoplasm cell wall chloroplast cell membrane ?

Question 5 ? cytoplasm sap vacuole chloroplast nucleus

Question 5 ? cytoplasm sap vacuole chloroplast nucleus

Question 6 cytoplasm sap vacuole chloroplast nucleus ?

Question 6 cytoplasm sap vacuole chloroplast nucleus ?

Question 7 Which structures are present in animal and plant cells? Vacuole, nucleus and cell membrane Nucleus, cell wall, cytoplasm Nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm Cell membrane, chloroplast, cell wall

Question 7 Which structures are present in animal and plant cells? Vacuole, nucleus and cell membrane Nucleus, cell wall, cytoplasm Nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm Cell membrane, chloroplast, cell wall

Question 8 Which structures are present only in plant cells? Cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm Cell wall, cell membrane, vacuole Nucleus, chloroplast, cytoplasm Chloroplast, cell wall, vacuole

Question 8 Which structures are present only in plant cells? Cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm Cell wall, cell membrane, vacuole Nucleus, chloroplast, cytoplasm Chloroplast, cell wall, vacuole

Question 9 What is the function of the chloroplast? Controls the cell Stores water and mineral ions Makes glucose by photosynthesis Controls what enters and leaves the cell

Question 9 What is the function of the chloroplast? Controls the cell Stores water and mineral ions Makes glucose by photosynthesis Controls what enters and leaves the cell

Question 10 What is the function of the cell membrane? Supports and protects the cell Controls the cell Controls what enters and leaves the cell Metabolic reactions occur here

Question 10 What is the function of the cell membrane? Supports and protects the cell Controls the cell Controls what enters and leaves the cell Metabolic reactions occur here

Question 11 What is the function of the cell wall? Supports and protects the cell Stores water and mineral ions Controls the cell Controls what enters and leaves the cell

Question 11 What is the function of the cell wall? Supports and protects the cell Stores water and mineral ions Controls the cell Controls what enters and leaves the cell

Question 12 What is the function of the cytoplasm? Stores water and mineral ions Chemical reactions occur here Controls what enters and leaves the cell Supports the cell

Question 12 What is the function of the cytoplasm? Stores water and mineral ions Chemical reactions occur here Controls what enters and leaves the cell Supports the cell

Question 13 What is the function of the sap vacuole? Supports and protects the cell Controls what enters and leaves the cell Controls the cell Stores water and mineral ions

Question 13 What is the function of the sap vacuole? Supports and protects the cell Controls what enters and leaves the cell Controls the cell Stores water and mineral ions

Question 14 What is the function of the nucleus? Supports and protects the cell Controls the cell Controls what enters and leaves the cell Metabolic reactions occur here

Question 14 What is the function of the nucleus? Supports and protects the cell Controls the cell Controls what enters and leaves the cell Metabolic reactions occur here

Independent tasks Cytoplasm I’m keeping it simple: http://www.myschoolhouse.com/courses/O/1/70.asp I’m challenging myself: http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/cells/insideacell/ and complete the Inside A Cell worksheet (printed)

Specialised... Specialised Cells Q: What does specialised mean?? A: Something that is designed to do a particular job

Specialised... Specialised Cells Q: What is a specialised cell? A: A cell that has a special shape and features that help it to do its job

Red blood cells Your Task Stuck round the room are some information sheets about different specialised animal and plant cells…. Your job is to extract the important information from the sheets to fill in on your worksheets on your computer

Organelles - review  Nucleus Cytoplasm Cell Membrane Mitochondria Function Plant Animal Nucleus Controls cell activity. Contains Chromosomes/DNA.  Cytoplasm Jelly like substance. Location of many chemical reactions. Cell Membrane Controls passage of substances into and out of the cell. Mitochondria Location of respiration. Energy released from glucose. Ribosomes Involved in Protein Synthesis (Translation) Cellulose Cell Wall Strengthens cell X Vacuole Cell Sap (Pushes cell contents out against the Cell Wall) Chloroplasts Absorbs sunlight energy for Photosynthesis.