Where does life come from? I can develop and use a model to describe the function of a cell as a whole and the ways the different parts of cells contribute to the function

What are cell organelles?

Organelles Special structures that perform necessary functions of the cell Think of a cell as a factory whose main product is proteins. Tiny organs. Just like organs in your body you need them to function properly or else it will DIE.

The Cell Membrane Controls movements into and out of the cell Everything the cell needs enters through cell membrane All cells have membranes Is made of a phospholipid bi- layer.

Cytoplasm Jelly-like material that supports the organelles inside the cell Gives the cell its shape Constantly Moving

Nucleus Directs all of the cell’s activities including reproduction Contains genetic material (DNA) the “blueprint” or “instruction manual” for the cell

Mitochondria Mitochondria Convert energy in food molecules to energy the cell can use to carry out its functions Produce energy for the cell – site of cellular respiration. “The Powerhouse” Double membrane-bound, kidney shaped.

Mitochondria

Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough ER Smooth ER Network of passageways that carries materials from one part of the cell to another Rough ER: has ribosomes Smooth ER: no ribosomes tubes and channels

Electron micrograph of smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Rough endoplasmic reticulum with ribosomes

Ribosomes Ribosomes Free Ribosomes A small grain-like structure in the cytoplasm of a cell where proteins are made (protein synthesis) May be attached to ER or floating in the cytoplasm small circular organelles

Golgi Apparatus Golgi Apparatus Receives proteins and other newly formed materials from the ER, packages them and distributes them to other parts of the cell Release Materials outside the cell Pancake-shaped layered organelle

Golgi Apparatus

Vacuoles Stores water, food, waste products and other materials for the cell Plays a role in intercellular digestion Are much larger in plant cells.

What is the difference between an animal cell and a plant cell?

Plant vs Animal Cells Plant and animal cells have a lot of the same organelles.

Animal Cell

Lysosomes Lysosomes Contain Chemicals that break down food particles and worn-out cell parts Clean up crew Small membrane-bound organelles

Plant Cell

Cell Wall Cell Wall Rigid layer of non-living material that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms Provides support and protection to the cell Made of cellulose

Chloroplasts Chloroplasts Capture energy from sunlight and use it to produce food for the cell Site of photosynthesis (converting sun and CO2 into sugar). Membrane bound organelles that contain chlorophyll

Plant Cell Small green chloroplasts can be seen inside each plant cell

cork cells

Pollen grains

bone cells growth plate

onion cells

human red blood cells

bacteria

Brain cells

Neuromuscular junction – where nerve cells connect with muscle cells

moss cells

Sperm and egg - conception

blood clot

Hair cells in inner ear

rods and cones – cells of retina

tooth plaque – bacteria + food particles

basal cell carcinoma – skin cancer

brain cells

normal red blood cell ---------- sickled red blood cell

common cold virus

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

H1N1 virus (swine flu)