Absolute Monarchy in Russia

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Presentation transcript:

16.5 - Absolute Monarchy in Russia

Peter the Great Modernizes Russia Peter, takes throne @ 10 in 1682 (control 1689) Fascination w/ “foreign cultures” “westernization” led to his need to rule as an “autocrat” - most absolute ruler

Controlling Church & Nobles Church brought under state control Boyars (russian nobility) forced to serve in civilian or military positions Bribed boyars by strengthening serfdom (WP’s)

Modernizing w/ Force Western technology, education, simplified russian alphabet,est. academies Improved infrastructure Crushed resistance, tortured & executed royal guard (1,000)

Peter Expands Borders Largest standing army in Europe w/ world class navy Warm water port - Black sea (unaccomplished) GNW: 1700 lost to 8,000 Swedes, won in 1709

Peter Expands Borders (2) Built St. Petersburg on land from GNW victory - Russia’s “Versailles” Defined border in west w/ Qing China Danish Explorer Vitus Bering (Bering Strait) lrgst ctry est.

Peter the Great’s Legacy Died in 1725 Ended isolation, expanded territory, gained ports on Baltic Used terror to rule, nobles quickly turned back on state, serfdom cont.

Catherine “earns” throne Peter died w/o heir, Romanov power struggle results in - Catherine German princess, wed to Russia heir, group of army officers loyal to her depose & murder her unstable hubby

Catherine the Great Reorg. Gov., codified laws, state-funded education Embraced western culture (Enlightmnt) Exempted boyars from taxes, serfdom expanded Russo-Turkish War (1774): defeats Ottoman empire for warm water port

Partition of Poland 1770s, Catherine, Frederick II, & Joseph II divided Poland in 1772 thru agreed upon partition to avoid fighting, 1795 swallowed what was left 1919 Poland reappears…after?