Limited and Unlimited Governments in Europe Standard 7-2.1

Goal Explain the characteristics of Limited Governments in England and Unlimited Governments in France and Russia

Words To Know Terms Places People Absolute Monarchs England Elizabeth I Absolutism France James I Divine Right of Kings Russia Charles I Civil War Oliver Cromwell English Bill of Rights Charles II Constitutional Monarchy James II William and Mary Louis XIV Ivan IV Peter the Great

Introduction During the middle ages the power of kings and queens was limited by the church and nobility At the end of the Middle Ages many European kings and queens began to regain a lot of power Absolute Monarchs—Rulers with unlimited power

Introduction Absolute Monarchs Could— Make Laws Create Taxes Administer Justice Control Nobility Even the church recognized this power—and could do little to control it During this period ____ all were ruled by absolute monarchs (1) England (2) France (3) Spain (4) Russia (5) Prussia (6) and Austria

Limited Government in England At the Beginning of the 17th Century England's last Absolute Monarch died Elizabeth I Never Married No Children Before she died she asked her cousin James to become the new ruler of England

James I Believed in ABSOLUTISM The Divine Right of Kings Parliament do not support him Could not raise money People would not do what he wanted

Charles I Took the crown when his father (James I) died Tried to continue the Divine Right of Kings Parliament did not agree with him either Civil War broke out “War between people within the same country”

Reenactment of Civil War between Oliver and Charles I

Charles I—Civil War Charles Rivals = Puritans The Puritans were led by Oliver Cromwell The Puritans defeated Charles I Charles was tried by Parliament and Executed Guess who the new ruler of England was? Oliver Cromwell

Puritans

Cromwell

Change in Government After Oliver died Parliament decided to go back to a Monarchy

Charles II Picked by Parliament to be the new king of England The son of Charles I

Restoration Charles II did not fight with Parliament Ruled for 11 years

James II When Charles II died his brother James II took the throne He had a lot of problems with Parliament They forced him to leave England

Mary and William James II’s daughter Mary and her husband William became the next rulers of England They signed the English Bill of Rights Joint sovereigns with equal power

English Bill of Rights This made England a Constitutional Monarchy “A government in which the power of the king or queen is limited by the legislature”

Constitutional Monarchy Legislature or Parliament Monarch

England Government Within 100 years, England changed from a country ruled by an absolute monarch to a limited monarchy All Power Controlled Power 100 years

Unlimited Government in France and Russia France and Russia both had absolute monarchs like in England, with a lot of power Absolutism— “A system in which a ruler holds complete power”

France King Louis XIV— “The Sun King” Everything revolved around him

Louis XIV Ended the Legislature called the “Estates General” He overturned the “Edict of Nantes” “Gave religious freedom to the people of France”

Louis XIV—Estate General

St Bartholomew’s Day Massacre

Louis XIV Cont’ He made it illegal for anyone to practice any religion except Catholicism Wanted new territory Fought wars against neighboring counties to enlarge France

Russia In the 16th century—Ivan IV became the first czar He expanded Russia’s territory Took power from the Nobility

Russia a few years later Peter the Great Increased absolutism in Russia He tried to Westernize Russia Strong Loyal Army (which he used to defeat the Russian Nobility) Replaced local leaders with leader loyal to him Made himself head of the “Russian Orthodox Church”