Objective: Identify and analyze causes of European Absolutism. Monday, May 17 Do Now: Describe the monarchy in England. HW: Part C ‘Evaluation of Sources’ Due. Bring textbooks to class tomorrow. Objective: Identify and analyze causes of European Absolutism.

Absolute Monarchs Project

large, standing military under direct authority Louis XIV The Sun King ruled France from 1643 to 1715 Bossuet’s ideas helped Louis XIV establish the first and fullest absolute monarchy in Europe. CENTRALIZED government civil bureaucracy national legislation national judiciary large, standing military under direct authority national tax collection (instead of passing through the hands of regional nobility)

Display of Monarchical Wealth and Power Moved the monarchical residence out of the center of Paris to a suburb in Versailles Required nobles to spend time at palace to show power and benevolence

Estates-General/Medieval Parliament If any parliament vetoed monarchical legislation, all the members of that parliament would be exiled from France. Parliament would not be called into cession until 1789 at the heart of the crisis that precipitated the French Revolution.

Political Unity Would Only Work if Religious Unity Was Achieved 1st Louis, a Roman Catholic, actively worked to get rid of heterodox religious groups: the Protestant Huguenots, mystical Christians and Calvinists He destroyed their churches and burned their schools and forced Protestants, under pain of imprisonment or death, to convert to Catholicism He overturned the Edict of Nantes Protestantism would be a crime against the state. All Protestant clergy were exiled

Romanov Dynasty (1613-1917) Romanov Family Crest

Peter the Great (r. 1682-1725)

Peter I, the Great Westernization: imitation of Western ways Revolts were brutally suppressed A secret police was created to prevent dissent A successful war with Sweden gave Russia a window on the Baltic Sea Baltic city of St. Petersburg

Reforms of Peter the Great Reformed the church under state control, Education creation of specialized math and science schools Condition of upper class women improved Economy applied western mercantilism to stimulate agriculture, industry and commerce Centralized government, Modernized the army, Created a navy Aggressive foreign policy Law codes and tax system reformed to increase burdens on the peasantry “House tax”, “Man” tax taxes on beards, horse-collars, bee-hives

Russia & Sweden After the Great Northern War

Catherine the Great Westernized and brought Enlightenment ideas to Russia centralization and strong royal authority gave new power over serfs to the nobles in return for their service in the bureaucracy and military Crimea on the Black Sea, were gained in central Asia from the Ottomans pushed colonization in Siberia and claimed Alaska

Catherine the Great (Russia) The Enlightened Despots Monarchs considered reforms in order to create more efficient societies, but not at the expense of their own power. Influenced by the ideas of The Enlightenment. Catherine the Great (Russia)

Schönbrunn Palace

Schönbrunn Palace

The Holy Roman Empire: Late 16c

Ferdinand & Isabella of Spain The Madonna of the Monarchs

Empire of Charles V

Phillip II Spain Philip the Prudent Fostered exploration and settled colonies in each of the world’s continents Absolute Monarch but faced Constitutional strain

The Empire of Philip II

Maria Theresa (HRE) (r. 1740-1780)

Maria Theresa & Her Family Her Notable Children: HRE Joseph II HRE Leopold II Queen Marie Antoinette (Fr.)

Maria Theresa financial and educational reforms promoted commerce and the development of agriculture Reorganized the military Refused religious toleration

Frederick the Great (r. 1740-1786) King of Prussia (from the Hohenzollern family). Supported the arts Religious Tolerance reforms Friends with enlightenment thinkers

Frederick the Great’s Court

Fredrick the Great Enlightened Absolutism