Chapter 18: Constitutional Monarchy vs. Absolute Monarchy Political Thought!

Constitutional and Absolute Monarchy Any ideas?? What is a Constitutional Monarchy?  form of government in which a monarch (king or queen) acts as head of state within the parameters of a constitution. Monarch is the head but a freely elected parliament votes on and creates laws. What is an Absolute Monarchy? Government system in which one ruler holds total power. In the 1600s in Europe, absolutism was tied to the idea of “divine right” – monarchs received their power from God…king or queen made laws, levied taxes, administered justice, controlled officials, determined foreign policy, etc

Thomas Hobbes vs. John Locke Read the biography and primary source handouts and answer the related questions on the sheets. If you need extra assistance in answering the questions, you can use p. 348 in your textbook, too.

Thomas Hobbes Wrote the Leviathan • Human life is “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short.” • Before society was organized, humans were guided by struggle for self-preservation. • The state is needed to keep people from destroying each other. • An absolute ruler is needed to preserve the social order. Absolute rule = “I am the state.”

John Locke Wrote Two Treatises of Government Before forming societies, humans lived in a condition of equality and freedom. All humans have natural rights, including life, liberty, and property. The agreement between people and government involves mutual responsibilities; absolute rule by one person is to be avoided. People have the right to alter or remove a government that betrays their rights. Constitutional rights!

Constitutional and Absolute Monarchy Review Any ideas?? What is a Constitutional Monarchy?  form of government in which a monarch (king or queen) acts as head of state within the parameters of a constitution. Monarch is the head but a freely elected parliament votes on and creates laws. What is an Absolute Monarchy? Government system in which one ruler holds total power. In the 1600s in Europe, absolutism was tied to the idea of “divine right” – monarchs received their power from God…king or queen made laws, levied taxes, administered justice, controlled officials, determined foreign policy, etc What type of government did Thomas Hobbes support? What type of government did John Locke support?

Example of Constitutional Monarchy: English Bill of Rights Written in… 1689 Written by… England’s Parliament Purpose… To set up a new way of governing after the removal of James II and to limit the power of the king/queen Main points… Parliament has supreme authority (king must obey the decisions of Parliament) Cruel and unusual punishments were banned Elections of Parliament members should be free People have the right to a trial by jury Read and use “A Glorious Revolution” on page 347 in your textbook to fill in the chart on your worksheet about the English Bill of Rights

Look over Chapter 18, Lesson 3 on pages 349 – 353 Examples of Absolute Monarchy: Louis XIV, Frederick William, Peter the Great Look over Chapter 18, Lesson 3 on pages 349 – 353 List things that Kings Louis XIV, Frederick William, and Peter the Great did that showcase absolutism (or – what were some of their significant feats / accomplishments as rulers?)

Conclusion: What might be some advantages and disadvantages to constitutional monarchies and absolute monarchies?