Bell Ringer: 12/18/12 12/19/12 Peter the Great wanted to ______________________ Russia by making it more like western Europe. The Seven Years War was fought on the continents of ______________ and _______________. Maria Theresa ruled _________________. ________________ the Great was the last of the European absolute monarchs.

Absolute Monarchs: England Describe the four important monarchs from the Tudor Dynasty. Describe the four important monarchs from the Stuart Dynasty. Describe the events of the English Civil War. Describe the actions of Oliver Cromwell. Explain the significance of the Glorious Revolution.

England

Absolutism vs. Rights of Englishmen

The Tudors Henry VIII Edward VI What do we already know about him? Son of Henry VIII King at 10 Died at 15

The Tudors Mary I Daughter of Henry VIII “Bloody Mary” Persecuted Protestants

The Tudors Elizabeth I What do we know about her? Expanded the empire Colonies Victory over the Spanish Armada in 1588

Absolutism vs. Rights of Englishmen Who do you think is winning the tug of war now? Why? Absolutism vs. Rights of Englishmen

The Stuarts: James I Became king when Elizabeth I died Clashed with the English Parliament Insisted upon Divine Right and absolute powers Published English bible “King James Bible” VI. England’s Stuart Monarchs A. James I 1. Clashed with Parliament 2. Considered an outsider because he was from Scotland 3. Puritans tried to take power away from Church officials 4. English version of the Bible (King James Bible)

Jamestown , Virginia

The Stuarts: Charles I Son of James I Refused to sign the Petition of Right that would have limited his powers Dismissed Parliament in 1629 and refused to call them back into session To get money he imposed all kinds of fees and fines on the English people.

English Civil War – 1642-1649 1640: Parliament meets again Parliament limits Charles’ power Charles tried to arrest Parliament’s leaders, but they escaped Civil War breaks out between Royalists vs. Roundheads 1640: Charles I reconvenes Parliament because of debt. Parliament limits Charles’ power Charles tried to arrest Parliament’s leaders, but they escaped. This angered many! 1642-1649 supporters and opponents of Charles fought in a civil war. Royalists vs. Roundheads

English Civil War – 1642-1649 Royalist – Someone who fought for the monarchy 1640: Charles I reconvenes Parliament because of debt. Parliament limits Charles’ power Charles tried to arrest Parliament’s leaders, but they escaped. This angered many! 1642-1649 supporters and opponents of Charles fought in a civil war. Royalists vs. Roundheads Roundhead – Someone who fought against the monarchy

Charles I was charged with treason and sentenced to death King surrendered in 1646 Charles I was charged with treason and sentenced to death Charles I was beheaded publicly on January 30, 1649 Authorized his death sentence. Charles’ death sentence

Absolutism vs. Rights of Englishmen Who do you think is winning the tug of war now? Why? Absolutism vs. Rights of Englishmen

The Commonwealth Oliver Cromwell - leader of the Roundheads 1654, Cromwell given the title Lord Protector He demanded complete obedience Laws against theater, drinking, dancing, gambling

The Stuarts: Charles II “Restoration Parliament” brings back the monarchy Parliament appoints Charles II (son of Charles I) horrible histories oliver cromwell and charles the 2nd.avi - YouTube Habeas Corpus Act 1679- someone accused of a crime has the right to appear in court to determine if the accused should be held or released.

Absolutism vs. Rights of Englishmen Who do you think is winning the tug of war now? Why? Absolutism vs. Rights of Englishmen

The Stuarts: James II Third son of Charles I Hid in France during the Commonwealth James II was unpopular because he was Catholic and believed in absolute monarchy Parliament overthrew James’ power and invited James’ daughter Mary and her husband William to become king and queen.

James II and the Glorious Revolution Parliament overthrew James II in the “Glorious Revolution” Glorious Revolution = bloodless overthrow of James II Parliament overthrew James’ power and invited James’ daughter Mary and her husband William to become king and queen. 20

Absolutism vs. Rights of Englishmen Who do you think is winning the tug of war now? Why? Absolutism vs. Rights of Englishmen

William & Mary Mary and her husband William became King and Queen Bill of Rights: prevented monarchs from taxing without the consent of Parliament, among other limitations England becomes a constitutional monarchy.

Constitutional Monarchy William & Mary had to sign the English Bill of Rights FIRST England became a constitutional monarchy Monarchs could NOT tax without the consent of Parliament Trial by jury Freedom of speech Bill of Rights: prevented monarchs from taxing without the consent of Parliament, among other limitations England becomes a constitutional monarchy. Constitutional Monarchy = a monarchy that is limited by laws 23

And the winner is … Rights of Englishmen