a) Thomas Hobbes b) Adam Smith c) John Locke d) Montesquieu English Constitutional Monarchy English philosopher and author of Levianthan, in which he explained that a state of chaos and war existed prior to a social contract forming a government, which should be led by a sovereign invested with absolute power in exchange for protection of group safety and social order. a) Thomas Hobbes b) Adam Smith c) John Locke d) Montesquieu

THOMAS HOBBES

a) Thomas Paine b) Thomas Jefferson c) John Locke d) Edmund Burke English Constitutional Monarchy English philosopher and author of Two Treatises of Government, in which he argued that individuals have natural rights of life, political equality, and property that could not be violated by a political leader in a social contract. He believed governments existed only to protect these natural rights, and any government failing to do so should be overthrown. a) Thomas Paine b) Thomas Jefferson c) John Locke d) Edmund Burke

JOHN LOCKE

English Constitutional Monarchy In 1688, Parliament gave the crown to James II’s Protestant daughter, Mary II, and her Protestant husband, William III, as joint rulers rather than to James II’s Catholic son. It was a bloodless and “glorious” transfer of power. a) English Civil War b) French Revolution c) Agricultural Revolution d) Glorious Revolution

GLORIOUS REVOLUTION

English Constitutional Monarchy 1679 Parliamentary measure protecting people from arbitrary arrest and unfair imprisonment. According to this, an arrested individual must be seized with a specific charge and brought before a judge. Habeas Corpus Act b) Exclusion Bill c) English Bill of Rights d) Magna Carta

HABEUS CORPUS ACT

English Constitutional Monarchy 1689 law passed by Parliament granting some religious freedoms to dissenting Protestants who had broken away from the Anglican Church. However, this prohibited them from holding public office. a) Bill of Rights b) Toleration Act c) Act of Toleration d) Religious Freedom Restoration Act

TOLERATION ACT

English Constitutional Monarchy 1689 document declaring Parliament would choose who ruled England, that the ruler could not tax without Parliamentary consent, that the ruler could not suspend Parliament, that the ruler was subject to all laws, that Parliament was to meet frequently, that MPs were guaranteed freedom of speech, and that cruel and unusual punishment was illegal. a) The Constitution b) Declaration of the Rights of Man c) Act of Settlement d) English Bill of Rights

ENGLIDH BILL OF RIGHTS

E.C.M 1701 law by Parliament stating that should William III die heirless, Mary’s Protestant sister, Anne, would take the throne, thereby protecting Protestant rule of England. a) Test Act b) Act of Settlement c) Great Peace of Montreal d) Great Reform Bill

ACT OF SETTLEMENT

E.C.M 1701 act of Parliament uniting England and Scotland into one kingdom: Great Britain. Intended to strengthen England against France. Abolished the Scottish Parliament a) War of Spanish Succession b) Reform Act c) Act of Settlement d) Act of Union

ACT OF UNION

a) Hanoverian Succession b) Georgian Succession c) None of the above E.C.M None of Queen Anne’s (1701-14) seventeen children survived her, leading to her granddaughter’s son, George I, of the Germanic Hanoverian family, becoming king of England. Name this succession. a) Hanoverian Succession b) Georgian Succession c) None of the above

HANOVERIAN SUCCESSION

E.C.M King George II’s chief minister until 1743 who worked for peace. He strengthened the role of Britain’s cabinet and stabilized the political landscape, earning him the label as the first English “Prime Minister.” a) Robert Walpole b) Thomas Pelham-Holles c) Spencer Compton d) William Cavendish

ROBERT WALPOLE

a) b) c) d) The Restoration E.C.M When Parliament invited, in 1660, the Stuart son of Charles I, Charles II, to return to England to rule, thereby ending the Cromwellian republic. a) b) c) d) The Restoration

THE RESTORATION

E.C.M Thought retaining the role of head of state, the monarch in this type of governmental system, like Great Britain’s , must consult with Parliament. a) Popular Monarchy b) Limited Constitutional Monarchy c) Enlightened Absolutism d) Aristocracy

LIMITED CONSTITUIONAL MONARCHY

Colonialism 15th century English explorer who traveled to the coasts of Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, and New England. His voyages led to England’s claim in North America. a) Henry the Navigator b) Christopher Columbus c) John Cabot d) Jacques Cartier

JOHN CABOT

Colonialism Sir Francis Drake, Sir John Hawkins, and Sir Walter Raleigh were among this group of adventurous English sea captains who challenged Portuguese and Spanish sea trade supremacy and robbed foreign vessels of their valuables. a) Sea Dogs b) Drake’s Exploerers c) The Crusaders d) None of the above

SEA DOGS

Colonialism Dutch sailor who searched for the Northwest Passage and claimed much of Northern Canada when he was employed by the British. a) Bernard Fokke b) Jan Hendrik van Kinsbergan c) Cornelius Cruys d) Henry Hudson

HENRY HUDSON

Jamestown b) Roanoke c) St. Lawrence d) Los Angeles Colonialism England’s first permanent settlement (1607) in North America, it was located in what is today Virginia. Jamestown b) Roanoke c) St. Lawrence d) Los Angeles

JAMESTOWN

Enlightenment 18th century period of scientific and philosophical innovation in which people investigated human nature and sought to explain reality through rationalism, logical thinking. This period formed the basis of modern science. a) The Reformation b) The Renaissance c) Age of Enlightenment d) Scientific Revolution

AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT

Enlightenment Body of Enlightenment thinkers Enlightenment Body of Enlightenment thinkers. Most famous for writing Encyclopedia, a handbook for Enlightenment ideas, edited by Denis Diderot. French term for “philosophers.” a) Intellectuals b) Philosophes c) Really smart French people d) None of the above

PHILOSOPHES

a) Napoleon Bonaparte b) Robespierre c) Montesquieu d) Voltaire Enlightenment Philosophe who wrote Spirit of the Laws in 1748. He described the British model of divided branches of government with checks and balances as the ideal system, later influencing the framing of the U.S. constitution. a) Napoleon Bonaparte b) Robespierre c) Montesquieu d) Voltaire

MONTESQUIEU

a) Voltaire b) Robespierre c) Catherine the Great d) Locke Enlightenment Philosophe who wrote Candide, satirizing prejudice, oppressive government, and bigotry. Championed freedom of religion and thought a) Voltaire b) Robespierre c) Catherine the Great d) Locke

VOLTAIRE

a) Robespierre b) Montaigne c) Pascal d) Jean-Jacques Rousseau Enlightenment Philosophe who published the Social Contract. He posited that people are born good but are corrupted by education, laws, and society. Rousseau advocated a government based on popular sovereignty and was distrustful of other philsophes’ suffocating conformity to “reason.” a) Robespierre b) Montaigne c) Pascal d) Jean-Jacques Rousseau

JEAN-JACQUES ROUSSEAU

Mary Wollstonecraft Virginia Woolf Lydia Becker Emmeline Pankhurst Enlightenment British feminist in the 18th century who argued for women’s equality with men, even in voting, in her 1792 Vindication of the Rights of Woman. Mary Wollstonecraft Virginia Woolf Lydia Becker Emmeline Pankhurst

MARY WOLESTONECRAFT

Charles II Frederick II Henry IX James II English Constitutional Monarchy Stuart son of Charles I and ruler of England from 1660-85. Known as the “Merry Monarchy” because of his restoration of a more liberal culture after Cromwell’s conservative republic. Charles II Frederick II Henry IX James II

CHARLES II

Tories and Whigs All of the above English Constitutional Monarchy The largely Anglican Tories believed in a hereditary monarchy and favored allowing Charles II’s Catholic brother, James, to becoming king after Restoration. The Whigs opposed this because of his Catholicism and his absolutist tendencies. Tories and Whigs All of the above

The answer’s quite obvious.

French Revolution Before the 1789 Revolution, “Old Regime” France was divided into there estates: First Estate- Roman Catholic clergy (about 1% population); 2nd Estate- nobility (about 2% population); 3rd Estate- all the rest, including the bourgeoisie, city workers, rural peasants, and artisans (97% of the population) a) The Consulate in France b) Three Estates c) 1789 Census Records d) New Regime

THREE ESTATES