The History of Christianity The Puritans © John Stevenson, 2016

Timeline 1480 1500 1520 1540 1560 1580 1600 King James Version Henry VIII Church 95 Theses Spanish Armada sunk America Discovered Zwingli at Zurich Queen Elizabeth 1480 1500 1520 1540 1560 1580 1600 Martin Luther Ulrich Zwingli John Calvin John Knox

King James 1 1566-1625 James VI of Scotland, son of Mary Queen of Scotts, became king of England in 1603 Millenary Petition King James Version

King James Version 1611 54 translators approved (only 47 actually worked on it) Used Massoretic Text for Old Testament Used Stephanus Greek text for New Testament (Textus Receptus) English ecclesiological terms mandated Bishop Church Easter

King James Version Six Teams of translators 1611 Two at Westminster Genesis – Kings Epistles Two at Cambridge Chronicles to Song of Solomon Apocrypha Two at Oxford Isaiah to Malachi Gospels, Acts, and Revelation

King James Version Stylistic variation Transliterations 1611 Holy Ghost / Holy Spirit Multiple English words rend the same Greek/Hebrew term Archaic language Transliterations Unicorn Gopher wood Leviathan

King James Version Mistranslations 1611 Unicorn (Numbers 23:22; Job 39:9-10) Scapegoat (Leviticus 16:8) Joshua/Jesus (Hebrews 4:8)

The Thirty Years War Catholic Protestants 1618 - 1648 Started as Bohemian struggle against Roman Catholic monarch Catholic Protestants Holy Roman Emperor Spain Hapsburgs Bavaria Poland German Nobles Netherlands Denmark Sweden France & Ottomans

The Thirty Years War 1618 - 1648 Started as Bohemian struggle against Roman Catholic monarch Germany physically devastated End of Holy Roman Empire Calvinism added to the Peace of Augsburg Netherlands & Swiss independence

The Thirty Years War Peace of Westphalia 1618 - 1648 International framework established Principalities of the Holy Roman Empire made more independent Reaffirmed Peace of Augsburg permitting Lutheranism and adding Calvinism Condemned by Pope Innocent X (everyone ignored him)

Protestant Anglican Russian Orthodox Roman Catholic Islam

Charles I 1600-1649 Roman Catholic wife Appointed Arminian bishops Struggle with Parliament Parliament disbanded Civil War Commonwealth

Westminster Assembly 121 Puritan clergy 1643-1646 121 Puritan clergy A doctrinal statement for the churches of England and Scotland Bishops abolished

Timeline 95 Theses King James Version Westminster Assembly Luther 1500 1550 1600 1650 1700 1750 1800 Luther Zwingli Arminius Calvin Knox

Christ died for each and every man Arminians Calvinists God determined to save whoever would believe in Jesus God determined to save certain people and bring them to faith in Jesus Christ died for each and every man Christ’s death brought some men to salvation Men are saved by using their own free will to accept God’s grace Men are saved as God draws them to His grace God’s grace is resistible God’s grace is irresistible People retain their salvation only as they persevere in faith The Lord will cause all of those whom He has chosen to persevere

British Commonwealth 1649 - 1658 Charles I executed

British Commonwealth Charles I executed House of Lords abolished 1649 - 1658 Charles I executed House of Lords abolished House of Commons is sole authority Oliver Cromwell: Lord Protector Baptists Particular versus General Baptists Quakers “inner light” Ranters: Moral permissivism

Sought to “purify” the church Puritans Sought to “purify” the church The term “Puritan” was most commonly used by their detractors. Felt the Church of England had not gone far enough in departing from Roman Catholicism. Characterized by Reformed and Calvinist doctrine. Emphasis on education and the Scriptures

Pilgrims Puritans Wanted to separate from the Church of England Remained loyal to the Church of England Poorer class Upper middle class Antagonistic to the king Loyal to the king Wanted a separate church Wanted to purify the church Plymouth Colony Salem & Boston Colonies

Sought to “purify” the church Puritans Sought to “purify” the church Reformed Theology High view of Scripture Calvinism Puritan versus Continental View of the Sabbath Covenantal Theology Jesus as the Covenant-Keeper

In a sermon in 1630 to members of the Massachusetts Bay Colony John Winthrop For we must consider that we shall be as a city upon a hill. The eyes of all people are upon us. So that if we shall deal falsely with our God in this work we have undertaken, and so cause Him to withdraw His present help from us, we shall be made a story and a by-word through the world.

Restoration 1660 Charles II proclaimed king of England (Roman Catholic) Commonwealth considered null and void Act of Uniformity (1662) Bishops, priests, and deacons mandated 2,000 puritan clergy resign All dissenting religious groups forbidden to meet

Charles I Charles II James II Supported Catholic France No heir Sudden death (1685) Had two Protestant daughters Wife gave birth to a son Glorious Revolution

Timeline Pilgrims on Mayflower Galileo recants theory Interregnum (Commonwealth) 1620 1630 1640 1650 1660 1670 1680 Boston colony founded Charles I executed Act of Uniformity Battle of Vienna Edict of Nance revoked

William & Mary Glorious Revolution (1688) William: Dutch Protestant (Calvinist) Married to his cousin Mary, daughter of James II Signed English Bill of Rights (1689) Puritans permitted to preach and establish their own churches

Philip Spener Father of Pietism German Theologian and Preacher 1635-1705 Father of Pietism German Theologian and Preacher Saw a spiritual deadness in the churches and proposed… Small group Bible studies Evangelism of kindness Importance of a devotional life

Timeline 95 Theses King James Version King James Version Westminster Assembly 1500 1550 1600 1650 1700 1750 1800 Luther Spener Zwingli Zinzendorf Calvin Knox

Ludwig von Zinzendorf Godson to Spener 1700-1760 Godson to Spener Offered asylum on his property to persecuted Christians Founded the village of Herrnhut for these refugees Missionary enterprises

Zinzendorf preaching to the nations

What are the signs of spiritual life in an individual?

What are the signs of spiritual life in a church?

How can you tell that a church is dead or dying?

Timeline 95 Theses King James Version Westminster Assembly First Great Awakening 1500 1550 1600 1650 1700 1750 1800 Luther Spener Zwingli Zinzendorf Calvin Whitefield Knox

Types of Church Government Episcopal Congregational Presbyterian