Urinary System Kidney Filtration Lab

Bellwork 4/10 Pick up your Review NOTES for today Turn in your KIDNEY DISSECTION LAB

Announcements Diet Project – WORTH A TEST GRADE!!!! URINARY SYSTEM TEST – Wednesday QUIZ on NEPHRON and FILTRATION – TUESDAY! URINARY PACKET due tomorrow!

Functions of the Urinary System Removes certain salts & nitrogenous waste Maintains the normal concentrations of water and electrolytes within body fluids Regulates the pH & volume of body fluids Helps control red blood cell production & blood pressure

Kidneys Primary role: regulate the composition, volume, & the pH of the extracellular fluid Secreting the hormone erythropoietin (helps control the rate of RBC production) Activation of vitamin D Secreting Renin (enzyme): helps maintain blood volume & pressure

3 processes that create urine Glomerular filtration: filtration of plasma that produces about 180 liters (45 gallons) of fluid a day Tubular reabsorption: moves the fluid back to the blood Tubular secretion: moves substances from blood into renal tubule

Filtration Pressure/Rate Hydrostatic Pressure: Pressure/force from fluids Osmotic Pressure: Concentration of particles affect pressure Filtration Rate is directly proportional to Filtration Pressure

Regulation of Filtration Usually remains constant unless body is stressed When blood volume/pressure drops arteries constrict to conserve fluid When blood volume/pressure increases arteries dilate to get rid of excess fluid Hormones (aldosterone & ADH) help control volume & concentration (stimulates osmosis)

Kidney Filtering http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ABsjgWSEhIg&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

Urine Composition/Amounts produced About 95% water & is sterile Usually produce 0.6-2.5 liters per day Depends on fluid intake, environmental temperature, relative humidity, emotional condition, respiratory rate, & body temp. Output: 50-60 milliliters per hour is normal Less than 30 mL per hour MAY indicate kidney failure

Urine elimination Ureters are about 25 cm long & connect the kidneys to the bladder Urine is propelled by peristalic waves A flap like fold of mucous membrane acts as a valve and prevents urine from backing up into the ureters after reaching the bladder

Bladder & Micturition Wall of the bladder has 4 layers Bladder can hold up to 600 mL before pain receptors are stimulated Urge to urinate begins around 150 mL 300 mL intensifies the sensation of fullness There are an external & internal urethral sphincter that control micturition or urination

Common Urinary System Problems

Kidney Stones Causes: infection of the kidney, diets high in protein, uric acid and inadequate water intake. Symptoms: Headache, pain in the abdomen and groin, extreme pain when passing Treatments: pass the stone, shockwave treatment

Kidney Stone surgery http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pGxwMOM8N6w&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

UTI/ Bladder infection Causes: bacteria from the skin move into the urethra and into the bladder Symptoms: burning urination, constant urge to urinate, blood in urine, aching in lower back Treatments: antibiotics This can turn into a kidney infection if not treated properly & the person will run a fever

Test Information Glomerulus, Incontinence, Micturation, nephrons, urochrome, UTI (urinary tract infection) Functions of the kidneys/ how much they can filter in a day Organs of the urinary system & their functions Nephron location and amount in a kidney Steps of Filtration Properties & composition of urine under healthy conditions/ output per day Why bladder can expand and amounts it holds How much water accts for weight in a female Proper blood pH Worksheet help #7,11,16, 17, 18, 24. 28 (MC): 7, 10, 12,14