Results Section Week 9

What is a result section? The results section of an APA format paper summarizes the data that was collected and the statistical analyses that were performed. The goal of this section is to report the results without any type of subjective interpretation. The goal of the results section in an empirical paper is to report the results of the data analysis used to test a hypothesis. The results section should be in condensed format and lacking interpretation. Avoid discussing why or how the experiment was performed or alluding to whether your results are good or bad, expected or unexpected, interesting or non-interesting.

Every statistical test that you report should relate directly to a hypothesis. Begin the results section by restating each hypothesis, then state whether your results supported it, then give the data and statistics that allowed you to draw this conclusion. If you have multiple numerical results to report, it’s often a good idea to present them in a figure (graph) or a table. In reporting the results of statistical tests, report the descriptive statistics, such as means and standard deviations, as well as the test statistic, degrees of freedom, obtained value of the test. Test statistics and p values should be rounded to two decimal places. All statistical symbols that are not Greek letters should be italicized (M, SD, N, t, p, etc.). When reporting a significant difference between two conditions, indicate the direction of this difference, i.e. which condition was more/less/higher/lower than the other condition(s). Assume that your audience has a professional knowledge of statistics. Don’t explain how or why you used a certain test unless it is unusual.

Always start with descriptives to check your data!

Frequencies Remember your result section should be directed to your hypotheses.

Results of our study Remember your result section should be directed to your hypotheses. PERSONALİTY TYPE Type A Count Column N Total% Type B Count Column N Total% Low 4 16.00% 30 85.71% High 21 84.00% 5 14.29 % I think this will be better represented with a figure.

The starting point of any such analysis should thus be the construction and subsequent examination of a scatterplot.

Another Figure

Strength of a Correlation Correlation is an effect size and so we can verbally describe the strength of the correlation using the guide that Evans (1996) suggests for the absolute value of r .00-.19 “very weak” .20-.39 “weak” .40-.59 “moderate” .60-.79 “strong” .80-1.0 “very strong” For example a correlation value of would be a “moderate positive correlation”.

Correlational Results-Part 1 Correlations   Type A Perceived Stress Type A Personality Pearson Correlation 1 .830** Sig. (2-tailed) .000 N 60 Perceived Stress_Total **. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

Reporting a significant correlation: Hours spent studying and GPA were strongly positively correlated, r(123) = .61, p = .011. Hours spent playing video games and GPA were moderately negatively correlated, r(123) = -.32, p = .041. Number of participants

Question Groups Question 1,3,9,11 : Worry, Feeling Tensed (Negative Emotions) Example: In the last month, how often have you been upset because of something that happened unexpectedly? In the last month, how often have you felt nervous and “stressed”?

Question 2-5-6-14: Sense of Control In the last month, how often have you felt that you were on top of things? In the last month, how often have you found that you could not cope with all the things that you had to do?

Question 10-12-13: Time management Question 4-7-8-9: Effective Coping With stress In the last month, how often have you been able to control irritations in your life? Question 10-12-13: Time management In the last month, how often have you felt difficulties were piling up so high that you could not overcome them?

(Worry) and Type A

(Sense of Control) and Type A

Results

Next Week Please have you result section completed. Remember to start with an opening paragraph briefly stating what test you did and why (research aims X3)? Then report your correlation results. You may want to use a figure to show a general relational pattern between Type A and Perceived Stress You may also want to use a table that includes all the correlational results and descriptives. Make sure you refer to a figure and tables you used in text. I will be explaining you the discussion section next week.