Minerals, Ores and Fossil Fuels

Falcon Focus- October 4 What’s the difference between magma and lava?   What’s the difference between Extrusive and Intrusive Igneous rocks? When you finish, get out your project!

Natural Resources all around you… Answer FOUR

Why do we study Minerals, Ores, and Fossil Fuels? Building supplies Basic consumer consumption: gas, oil, etc. Land worth $ Jobs: mining, gemology, mineralogy, oil rigs Health: minerals necessary for a healthy body Toxicology reports of poisons or harmful minerals in drinking water

Common Earth Resources The following resources have importance based on their properties: Minerals Ores Fossil Fuels

Minerals: Natural, solid materials Building blocks of rocks Each has a special chemical makeup and characteristics that determine their use and value.

Mining Association of SC http://www.scmines.com/ Mining in South Carolina has been one of the state's most valuable industries for over 200 years. South Carolina is ranked 25th in the United States in total mineral value, and is 13th among the 26 Eastern states. Presently there are 13 minerals being extracted from 485 active mines in South Carolina.

Some Minerals Under Black Light

Physical properties: Chemical properties: 1. ability to react to acid Hardness : How easily a mineral scratches materials 2. Luster (shine) How shiny a mineral is 3. Color What color the mineral is Chemical properties: 1. ability to react to acid 2. ability to burn 3. ability to rust 4. ability to change color

Physical Properties of Minerals (can be used to identify the mineral) 4. Streak The color of the powdered form of the mineral The color of the streak can be different than the mineral Minerals must be softer than the streak plate

Physical Properties of Minerals (can be used to identify the mineral) 5. Cleavage & Fracture The way the mineral breaks Cleavage—minerals break along smooth, flat surfaces and every fragment has the same general shape Fracture—minerals that break at random with rough or jagged edges

Specific Gravity 6. Specific Gravity: density

Color: What color is your mineral? Color isn’t always a reliable way to identify a mineral because some minerals can be different colors Quartz, for example, can be clear, white, gray (smokey quartz), almost black, purple (amethyst), green, yellow, and pink (rose). Sometimes color is the only thing you have to use. Streak, which is the color of the mineral when it is powdered, is always a correct color.

Luster Luster is the way a mineral shines or reflects light. Is it metallic (like a metal) or is it nonmetallic? If it is non-metallic is it waxy, glassy, pearly, or dull? Dull - no shine, like newly plowed earth Waxy - a dull shine, like a block of wax Metallic - bright and shiny like polished silverware Glassy - bright, transparent shine like a newly polished window Adamantine - deep, brilliant, multicolored, fire, like a diamond.

Hardness: How easily can the mineral be scratched? Can you scratch it with a penny? Can you scratch it with your nail? Can you use the mineral to scratch your glass scratch plate? Quartz, pyrite, sometimes hematite,– Hard, can scratch glass Gypsum, Talc – soft, can be scratched by a fingernail Halite, Galena – can be scratched by a penny Calcite, Hematite – can be scratched by steel

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF MINERALS 1. ability to react to acid 2. Flammability: ability to burn 3. ability to rust

Acid Test What happens when you put one drop of acid on the mineral? Does it fizz? Is it absorbed into the mineral or soak in? Does it dissolve, stain the paper towel?

Color alone cannot be used to identify a mineral because A Color alone cannot be used to identify a mineral because A. only a few minerals always have their own characteristic color. B. luster usually hides a mineral’s true color. C. the color of most minerals is hidden by veins. D. color and streak are never the same color.

*Mined because they contain useful metals or nonmetals. Ores: Minerals that are taken from the ground and can be sold for a profit. *Mined because they contain useful metals or nonmetals. Iron lead platinum gold silver

Mineral Information Institute: http://www. mii

What ore do we mine from this mineral (azurite)?

Ore Example: Azurite is a Copper Mineral Copper: Used in electric cables and wires, switches, plumbing, heating, roofing and building construction, chemical and pharmaceutical machinery, and cooking utensils.

Fossil Fuels: Natural fuels that come from the remains of living things Give off energy when they are burned. Examples: oil, natural gas, coal

Where do they come from?

Fossil Fuel Examples and Uses Petroleum Natural Gas Coal

Advantages of Fossil Fuels

Write a 3 sentencereflection/summary on the back of your notes.

Exit Ticket Name the 3 types of Earth’s Resources. Where do Fossil Fuels come from? Why do we need natural resources? What are

Natural Resources Renewable Can be remade naturally Nonrenewable Will be exhausted (used up) once used

Non-Renewable Resources Petroleum/Oil/Gas Coal Power plant

Renewable Natural Resources

Which of the following is an example of a fossil fuel? Natural gas Uranium-235 Water Wind 2) Which of the following is a nonrenewable resource? Geothermal Petroleum

BrainPop: Mineral Identification