Macromolecules/Biomolecules Building Blocks of Life

Monomers Build Polymers Monomers: Small units that join together. Also referred to as building blocks Polymers: Large compounds built from monomers Ex: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids Monomers Polymers

Carbohydrates Made up of C,H,O Function: source of energy (short term) Examples: sugar, rice, bread, potatoes Monomer: monosaccharide (simple sugar)

Carbohydrates Monomer: monosaccharide (simple sugar) Monosaccharide Each unit is a ring made of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen Monosaccharide glucose glucose Disaccharide Maltose

Carbohydrates Polysaccharide Monomer: monosaccharide (simple sugar) Each unit is a ring made of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen glucose cellulose Polysaccharide

Memorize this basic shape! Carbohydrates What to look for in a monomer – how do I know it’s a monosaccharide? Often in a ring shape, either hexagon or pentagon Contains only C, H, and O Glucose is the most widely used example: Memorize this basic shape! glucose

Lipids Made of C,H,O Functions: Store energy (long term), building blocks of membranes Examples: wax, oil, butter, steroids, makeup Monomers: glycerol and fatty acids

Lipids What to look for—how do I know it’s a lipid? Memorize this basic shape! A “head” (glycerol) with three tails (fatty acids) Long chains of carbon and hydrogen

Proteins Made of C,H,O,N Functions: Build body structures, control chemical reactions, do cellular work Example: meat/muscle, hair, nails, enzymes, peanut butter, milk Monomer: amino acid

Proteins Monomer: amino acid There are 20 different kinds of amino acids that hook together via peptide bonds to form proteins aa1 aa2 aa3 aa4 aa5 aa6 Peptide Bonds Amino Acids (aa)

Just to give you an idea…

Proteins What to look for in a monomer – how do I know it’s an amino acid? All amino acids have two major things in common: Glycine One side with a nitrogen and hydrogens (amino group) One side with two oxygens connected to a carbon (carboxyl group) Phenylalanine

Building/Breaking down Polymers Building Polymers= Dehydration Synthesis Breaking the Polymers= Hydrolysis “Taking away water” “Adding Water”

Activity! If you received a paper on the way in, come to the front of the classroom, bring your paper!

Nucleic Acids Made of C,H,O,N,P Functions: genetic code, cellular energy (ATP ONLY!) Example: DNA, RNA, ATP Monomer: nucleotide

Nucleic Acids Monomer: nucleotide

Memorize this basic shape! Nucleic Acids How do I know it’s a nucleotide? All nucleotides have a sugar (pentagon), a base (hexagon OR pentagon with a hexagon), and at least one phosphate (usually a circle) Memorize this basic shape! B S P B S P

Nucleic Acids How do I know it’s a nucleotide? All nucleotides have a sugar (pentagon), a base (hexagon OR pentagon with a hexagon), and at least one phosphate (usually a circle) A special nucleotide called ATP has three phosphates instead of one B S P

Food Labels

1. Glue in Macromolecules Sheet 2. Put away Notebook 3. Get out Biomolecules packet and a pencil and highlighter

Glue in Biomolecules Grid Sheet Pack up Keep out the Food Label Investigation sheet

Stomach Contents Carbs Positive Lipids Sugar Proteins