Chapter 2 - Water, Climate & Vegetation Why is earth called “the water planet”? What are the steps of the water cycle?

Precipitation In what forms does water fall to earth?

The amount of water vapor in air is called __________________. Water found beneath the surface of the earth is called ________________.

What is the difference between weather and climate? Climate – average weather conditions over many years. Gillette Climate What are the main two factors that define a climate? Weather – day-to-day conditions How would you describe the weather today? Average temperature and precipitation (rain/snow.)

What kind of climate do we have in Gillette? In Eastern Wyoming, we have a steppe, or semi-arid climate.

How does latitude affect climate? The closer to the equator, the warmer the climate.

Pg. 55 – In which general direction do winds blow over North America? -- What are calm areas along the equator called? -- What are the calm areas called at 30° north and south?

What is the difference between a hurricane and a typhoon?

What changes in climate do ocean currents cause? Currents – cold and warm “rivers” that flow within the ocean. Warm currents – Bring warm temps and rain. Cold currents – Bring cooler temps and have a drying effect.

Map pg. 58 – What current brings rain/warm temps to Western Europe? -- What current is partially responsible for the Atacama Desert in Western South America? -- What current is partially responsible for the Namib Desert in Western Africa?

How do landforms affect climate? Mountains can block winds and create rain shadows.

How does elevation affect climate? Temperature drops as elevation goes up. (3.5° for every 1000 feet.) How many degrees would you lose if you climbed Everest (29,028 ft)?

Why does temperature drop as elevation goes up? Air gets thinner as you climb higher and loses its ability to hold heat.