Living with Natural Hazards Geography Revision Living with Natural Hazards What are the causes and effects of tropical storms and how do people prepare for and respond to them?

You need to be able to answer the following questions: Describe the primary and secondary effects of tropical storms? Why do the effects of tropical storms vary between LEDC’s and MEDC’s? Use case study examples. What causes a tropical storm? Where do tropical storms occur? How do tropical storms form? (make sure you can include diagrams) What can be done to reduce the effects of tropical storms? (include a range of strategies and examples – the use of GIS (geographical information systems), education programmes etc) Why can some countries prepare better for tropical storms than others? Why would some people think that tropical storms could happen more and in different locations in the future? How could climate change influence the pattern of tropical storms in the future?

Using the information on page 72 complete this table Primary Effect Primary and secondary effects – page 72 1 Describe the primary and secondary effects of tropical storms? Using the information on page 72 complete this table Primary Effect Secondary Effect Environmental Social Economic

Annotate (label) these photographs of Hurricane Katrina to show the primary and secondary effects (also think about what you can’t see, for example effect on the economy)

Hurricane Katrina http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/americas/05/katrina/html/ See animation of Hurricane Katrina’s path Click on the tabs to learn about: The Path of the Storm Landfall New Orleans and Levee repairs The southern Gulf Coast of the United States bore the brunt of Katrina. Officials believe several thousand people may be dead. Thousands of people have been made homeless in New Orleans. Some 80% of the city is flooded and there has been widespread looting. A complete evacuation of the city has been ordered. The death toll in Mississippi is at least 100, while hundreds of houses and businesses - including dozens of waterfront casinos - have been destroyed. About a million homes are without electricity. In Biloxi, one of the most seriously damaged towns, many casinos and businesses have been looted. The town of Gulfport has also been heavily damaged. About 400,000 homes and businesses are without power in Alabama, while parts of the city of Mobile have been badly flooded. In southern Florida, where the hurricane passed through on 25-26 August, 100,000 homes and businesses are without electricity.

Tropical Storms Case Studies Page 73 2 Why do the effects of tropical storms vary between LEDC’s and MEDC’s? Use case study examples. Use page 73 in the textbook and the notes in your exercise book on Hurricane Katrina to complete this table: Hurricane Hanna Hurricane Katrina Year Location LEDC or MEDC? Expected to make landfall? Primary Effects Secondary Effects How did the effects of the tropical storms very between Haiti and the USA?

3 What causes a tropical storm. 4 Where do tropical storms occur 3 What causes a tropical storm? 4 Where do tropical storms occur? 5 How do tropical storms form? (make sure you can include diagrams) Page 74-5 Write 4 rules about where Tropical Storms form; Always form over.. Sea temperatures above… Between 10… In the T What are the 5 stages in the formation of a tropical storm – this can be words or pictures 1 2 3 4 5 http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/geography/weather_climate/weather_human_activity_rev1.shtml page 1 & 2

6. What can be done to reduce the effects of tropical storms 6. What can be done to reduce the effects of tropical storms? (include a range of strategies and examples – the use of GIS (geographical information systems), education programmes etc) 7. Why can some countries prepare better for tropical storms than others? Page 76-77 Use page 76-77 to complete this table MEDC LEDC Forecast National Hurricane Centre’s job is… Forecast maps… Joint typhoon warning Centre’s (Pacific) job is… Prepare Education… Buildings…. Hurricane emergency kits… In Bangladesh… Cyclone shelters… Act Why are some countries better prepared for tropical storms (think technology)?

How could El Nino influence climate? 8. Why would some people think that tropical storms could happen more and in different locations in the future? 9. How could climate change influence the pattern of tropical storms in the future? Page 78-79 Make 2 spider diagrams – How could Global Warming cause more frequent and intense Tropical Storms? How could El Nino influence climate? El Nino - http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningzone/clips/el-ni-o-and-la-ni-a-ocean-currents-and-winds/1504.html ENSO http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yCsMmajLYG4

Use the opinions and graphs on page 78-9 What evidence is there that there will be more intense and frequent tropical storms in the future? What evidence is there that there will be less intense and frequent tropical storms in the future?

Key words Define the following keywords Definition Storm surges Tropical Eye Track Mandatory evacuation Natural cycle El Nino Global warming