IoT: a 5G perspective Junyi Li LIDS Smart Urban Infrastructures Workshop May 11, 2017 IoT: a 5G perspective Junyi Li

5G to meet significantly expanding connectivity needs Building on the transformation started in 4G LTE Enabling new services Connecting new industries and devices Empowering new user experiences Scalable To an extreme variation of requirements Uniform Experience Improved user experiences with new ways of connecting Unified Across diverse spectrum types/bands, services and deployments

5G will enhance existing and expand to new use cases Smart homes/ buildings/cities New form factors, e.g. wearables and sensors Autonomous vehicles, object tracking Mobile broadband, e.g. UHD virtual reality Infrastructure monitoring & control, e.g. Smart Grid Demanding indoor/outdoor conditions, e.g. venues Remote control & process automation, e.g. aviation, robotics Enhanced Mobile Broadband Faster, more uniform user experiences Wide Area Internet of Things More efficient, lower cost communications with deeper coverage Higher-Reliability Control Lower latency and higher reliability

Scalable across a broad variation of requirements Deeper coverage To reach challenging locations Lower energy 10+ years of battery life Stronger security e.g. Health/government/financial trusted Higher reliability <1 out of 100 million packets lost Wide area Internet of Things Lower complexity 10s of bits per second Higher-reliability control Lower latency As low as 1 millisecond Higher density 1 million nodes per Km2 Enhanced mobile broadband Enhanced capacity 10 Tbps per Km2 Frequent user mobility Or no mobility at all Enhanced data rates Multi-Gigabits per second Better awareness Discovery and optimization Based on target requirements for the envisioned 5G use cases

Proposed 5G standardization for 2020 launch 5G study items R15 5G work items R16 5G work Items R17+ 5G evolution 3GPP RAN workshop First 5G launch1 5G phase 2 4G evolution—LTE will evolve in parallel with 5G 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Note: Estimated commercial dates; 1 Forward compatibility with R16 and beyond

Optimizing toward the goal to connect anything, anywhere 5G mMTC use cases Optimizing toward the goal to connect anything, anywhere Utility metering Smart cities Smart homes Wearables / Fitness Remote sensors / Actuators Object tracking Lightweight device configuration: simple devices, e.g. no IMS client, such as electric meter Variable data size: e.g. video recorder installed at street corner Farm machinery and leasing: autonomous driving machines Smart wearables: low complexity, high battery life, high reliability, some high data rates Sensor networks: smart services in urban, suburban and rural areas, very low, low rate Asset tracking: life stock, pets, kids

Evolution path of cellular IoT 4G LTE based IoT Rel 12 Cat 0 (MTC) Rel 13 Cat M1 (eMTC), Cat NB1 (NB-IoT) Rel 14 FeMTC eNB-IoT Rel 15 Further enhancements 5G NR based IoT Rel 15 and beyond mMTC Evolution path of cellular IoT Two parallel evolution paths 4G LTE based IoT focusing on: Backward compatible design with LTE, eMTC, NB-IoT, including current deployment Mainly target 200 kHz and 1.4 MHz Possible unlicensed IoT-U 5G NR based IoT (mMTC) focusing on: Forward compatible design with 5G eMBB, URLLC Clean slate design with new design requirements Mainly target 1 MHz and above

Requirements and Key KPI for mMTC Coverage at 164 dB MCL 160 bps: observed at egress/ingress point of the radio protocol stack Latency: No worse than 10s on UL for a 20 byte application packet or 105 bytes PHY layer Battery: 10-15 years: 200 bytes per day on UL followed by 20 bytes DL, 5 Wh battery, MCL of 164 dB Density: 1000000 device/km^2 in urban environment Compatibility with NR eMBB/URLLC 1 packet/2.4 hour, 0.8 m users in a cell with ISD=1.7 km, 100 packet per second, 30-40 byte, 30 kbps for UL load, over 1 MHz bandwidth. What is the serving vs. neighbor cell difference?

Standard Summary for LTE MTC/eMTC/NB-IOT

Low-power wake-up receiver PMIC Low-power wake-up receiver Wake-up receiver operates while main receiver in deep sleep mode Thin downlink control channel to simplify processing at wake-up receiver

Non-orthogonal multiple access Grant-free transmission of small data exchanges Eliminates signaling overhead for assigning dedicated resources Allows devices to transmit data asynchronously Capable of supporting full mobility Downlink remains OFDM-based for coexistence with other services Spread user signal across time and/or frequency resources: Use lower rate channel coding to spread signal across time/frequency to achieve lower spectral efficiency Users’ signals can be recovered simultaneously even in the presence of mutual interference Increased battery life Scalability to high device density Better link budget

Support for multi-hop mesh with WAN management Direct access on licensed spectrum Mesh on unlicensed or partitioned with uplink licensed spectrum1 Problem: uplink coverage Due to low power devices and challenging placements, e.g. in basement Solution: managed uplink mesh Uplink data relayed via nearby devices—uplink mesh but direct downlink. 1 Greater range and efficiency when using licensed spectrum, e.g. protected reference signals . Network time synchronization improves peer-to-peer efficiency Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.

Cellular V2X – a critical sensor for safer driving Communicating intent and sensor data even in challenging real world conditions Non line-of-sight all conditions sensing Conveying intent Increased situational awareness Provides 360˚ NLOS awareness Communicates intent and share sensor data to provide higher level of predictability Offers increased electronic horizon to enable soft safety alerts and reliable graduated warning E.g. intersections/on-ramps, environmental conditions (rain/fog/snow) Road hazard Reduced speed ahead Sudden lane change Queue warning/shockwave damping 5G will provide a unifying connectivity fabric for the autonomous vehicle of the future Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) e.g. collision avoidance safety systems Vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) e.g. safety alerts to pedestrians, bicyclists Vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) e.g. traffic light optimal speed advisory Vehicle-to-network (V2N) e.g. real-time traffic / routing, cloud services Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.

C-V2X started with R-14; Evolving to support autonomy Both 802.11p and C-V2X Rel-14 available in 2017, designed to operate in ITS 5.9GHz 2017 2018 2019 802.11p offer basic V2X services 802.11p currently does not have an evolution path Support autonomy C-V2X R16 NR (backward compatible with R14/15) Higher throughput Higher reliability Wideband ranging and positioning Lower latency Safety 802.11p/C-V2X R14 (LTE) Further Safety Enh. C-V2X R15 (LTE) Several advantages compared to 802.11p  Higher throughput Lower latency   Disabled vehicle Sensor sharing simplifying perception Bird’s eye view / HD map updates Forward collision warning Disabled vehicle after blind curve Cooperative ranging/positioning Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.