Chapter 12 Lesson 12.3 Ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan Bronchioscopy Endotracheal intubation Thoracentesis Tracheostomy Journal question: Question: Jackson, age 65, comes to the doctor’s office complaining of a sharp pain in the right side of his chest. He says his chest hurts when he breathes deeply or coughs. This is a problem, he says, because he has been coughing a lot, has difficulty drawing breath, and feels a tightness in the center of his chest. What condition or conditions might the doctor suspect? What methods of diagnosis would the doctor use, and what specific signs would the doctor look for to pinpoint the cause?
Chapter Goals Identify clinical procedures and abbreviations related to the system. Apply your new knowledge to understanding medical terms in their proper contexts, such as medical reports and records.
Clinical Procedures X-rays chest x-ray (CXR) computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest pulmonary angiography Briefly discuss the technology of each type of x-ray. For what kinds of information (hard tissues, soft tissue, etc.) and which conditions is each type best suited?
Clinical Procedures (cont’d) X-rays: Radiographic imaging Use this slide to discuss point of view, right and left, dorsal and ventral, and landmarks.
Clinical Procedures (cont’d) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): Magnetic waves create images
Clinical Procedures (cont’d) Radioactive Tests Positron emission tomography (PET) scan of the lung: Ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan: inhalation of radioactive gas for imaging, followed by injection of different radioactive material for imaging
Clinical Procedures (cont’d) Bronchioscopy: Fiberoptic or rigid endoscope inserted into the bronchial tubes for diagnosis, biopsy, or collection of specimens Why would a physician recommend this invasive diagnostic procedure? What are the pros and cons? What can the physician expect to learn?
Clinical Procedures (cont’d) Endotracheal intubation: placement of tube from mouth to trachea to establish airway Watch an episode of ER and count how many times they do this procedure in the ER. Why do many people coming into the emergency room need this procedure? Why is this done for surgical patients?
Clinical Procedures (cont’d) laryngoscopy lung biopsy mediastinoscopy pulmonary function tests (PFTs) thoracotomy thorascopy tracheostomy tuberculin test tube thoracostomy Why do many of these procedures start with “thor”? What is the difference between laryngoscopy, mediastinoscopy, and thorascopy?
Clinical Procedures (cont’d) Thoracentesis: surgical puncture to remove fluid from pleural space
Clinical Procedures (cont’d) Tracheostomy: Surgical creation of opening into the trachea through the neck Under what conditions would a physician perform this invasive procedure? Explain advantages and disadvantages.
Review Sheet (cont’d) adenoid/o adenoids COMBINING FORMS adenoid/o adenoids alveol/o alveolus; air sac; small sac bronch/o bronchial tube bronchi/o bronchial tube bronchiol/o bronchiole capn/o carbon dioxide Combining Form Meaning
Review Sheet (cont’d) coni/o dust cyan/o blue epiglott/o epiglottis COMBINING FORMS coni/o dust cyan/o blue epiglott/o epiglottis laryng/o larynx (voice box) lob/o lobe mediastin/o mediastinum Combining Form Meaning
Review Sheet (cont’d) nas/o nose orth/o straight ox/o oxygen COMBINING FORMS nas/o nose orth/o straight ox/o oxygen pector/o chest pharyng/o throat (pharynx) phon/o voice; sound Combining Form Meaning
Review Sheet (cont’d) phren/o diaphragm; mind pleur/o pleura COMBINING FORMS phren/o diaphragm; mind pleur/o pleura pneum/o lung; air; gas pneumon/o lung; air; gas pulmon/o lung rhin/o nose Combining Form Meaning
Review Sheet (cont’d) sinus/o sinus spir/o to breathe tel/o complete COMBINING FORMS sinus/o sinus spir/o to breathe tel/o complete thorac/o chest tonsill/o tonsil trache/o trachea (windpipe) Combining Form Meaning
Review Sheet (cont’d) -ema condition -osmia smell -pnea breathing SUFFIXES -ema condition -osmia smell -pnea breathing -ptysis spitting -sphyxia pulse -thorax chest; pleural cavity Suffix Meaning