The Antebellum Period V. “Fallout” From Victory over Mexico “The Compromise of 1850:” 1. California entered union as a free state. 2. Texas-N. Mexico border, Popular Sovereignty in west. Illinois Senator Stephen Douglas 3. Slave Trade (but not slavery) banned in D.C. 4. New Fugitive Slave Law.

“The Compromise of 1850”

The Antebellum Period VI. 1850’s: Tensions Build Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852). Pierce tries to acquire Cuba from Spain as a slave state. Gadsden Purchase, 1853. Author Harriet Beecher Stowe The Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) destroyed the Whig Party. “Bleeding Kansas,” 1855-57. A mini-civil war.

Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) Gadsden Purchase (1852)

The Antebellum Period VII. 1850’s: Tensions Build “Caning Incident” on house floor (1856). 1857 Dred Scott Decision: Roger Taney 1. Ruled Scotts had no rights. A slave is a slave. 2. This decision a matter of property. 3. Missouri Compromise ruled unconstitutional. 4. Pres. Buchanan endorsed ruling. Dred Scott Panic of 1857. Is this God’s judgment? 1858 Lincoln-Douglas Debates.

Congressman Charles Sumner (MA) being caned by Congressman Preston Brooks (SC)(1856). John Brown’s Raid (1859) of Harper’s Ferry,VA.

VIII. Is Succession Feasible? “Cotton is King!” The south can make it on its own. Cotton Production: 1830-750,000 Bales 1840-1,300,000 Bales 1850-2,400,000 Bales 1860-3,750,000 Bales Price of Cotton: 1830-12 cents a pound 1840-16 cents a pound 1850- 8 cents a pound 1860-10 cents a pound Price of a “Prime Field Hand”: 1830-$800 1840-$1175 1850-$700 1860-$1375 Slave Population: 1830-2,250,000 1840-2,480,000 1850-3,300,000 1860-4,000,000 By 1860: 76.1% of southern whites owned NO slaves 17.2% of southern whites owned 1-9 slaves 6.6% of southern whites owned 10-99 slaves 0.1% of southern whites owned 100+ slaves

Key Comparisons, the Union and the Confederacy Union South Total Population 70% 30% Free Males, 18-20 81% 19% Factory Production 91% 9% Textile Production 93% 7% Firearms Production 97% 3% Iron Production 94% 6% Coal Production 97% 3% Railroad Mileage 71% 29% Farm Acreage 75% 25% Livestock Raised 60% 40% Wheat 81% 19% Corn 67% 33% Wealth Produced 75% 25%

The Election of 1860 Democrats meet first…in Charleston, S.C. Party splits. S. Democrats nominate John Breckenridge, pro-slavery. N. Democrats move to Baltimore, nominate Stephen Douglas, who still advocates popular sovereignty. Republicans nominate moderate candidate Abe Lincoln. Platform: contain slavery, cheap lands in west, protectionist tariffs for industry, campaigns for immigrant vote. Candidate Party Electoral Votes % Popular Votes % Breckenridge S. Dem 72 24% 849,781 18% Douglas N. Dem 12 4% 1,376,957 30% Bell Union 39 13% 588,879 13% Lincoln Rep 180 59% 1,866,452 39% Totals 303  4,682,069

The Election of 1860