THE NORTH vs. THE SOUTH Chapter 14 EQ: Was life in the South and North more similar or different before the Civil War? Why or why not?

Vocabulary: Ch. 14 telegraph domestic slave trade Overseer slave codes Underground Railroad Literacy

The North will be known for manufacturing, industry, and large cities. Industrial North The North will be known for manufacturing, industry, and large cities.

Technology and Industry Early1800s saw many changes in industry, or the production of goods. New machines and new ways to use them. The ways in which Americans worked, traveled, and communicated with each other changed.

Manufacturing in the North Mass production of cotton cloth began in Northeast in the early 1800s. Elias Howe invented the sewing machine in 1846. Changed the clothing industry. By 1860, the Northeast’s factories made at least 70% of the country’s manufactured goods.

Transportation Improves Between 1800 -1850, many roads and canals were built. Steamboats carried goods and people cheaply and quickly. Railroads were developed Mostly in the North and Midwest. They connected many cities—united the Midwest and the East.

Communication Improves: Telegraph In 1844, Samuel Morse invented the telegraph—a machine that uses electric signals to send messages. Telegraph companies formed; operators used Morse code to send messages.

SOUTHERN COTTON KINGDOM The South will develop rural and farming communities with small cities.

Rise of the Cotton Kingdom Most Southerners lived in the the Upper South. By 1850 the South had changed. Its population had spread inland to the states of the Deep South. Slavery grew stronger than ever in the South.

Cotton Rules the Deep South The Northern mills and Europe demanded cotton.

Cotton Production & Slavery Increased Cotton production increases More workers needed to produce cotton—slavery increased The Upper South became a center for the sale and movement of enslaved people Domestic slave trade

Southern Economy Unlike the industrial North, the South remained rural, and its economy became increasingly different from the Northern economy. South produced less manufactured good. It had no need to produced goods while it had cotton!

PEOPLE OF THE SOUTH

Southern Farmers Most white Southerners were poor farmers or plantation owners.

Slaves in Plantations Worked in plantations Cleaned house, cooked, did laundry, and served meals Trained as blacksmiths, carpenters, or shoemakers. Most enslaved Africans were field hands (worked the land)—an overseer (manager) supervised them. By1808 no more slaves were imported to the USA—it was illegal.

The Lives of Enslaved People Slaves worked hard, earned no money, and had little hope of freedom. Lived in fear However, developed a unique culture Blended African & American elements.

Nat Turner’s Rebellion 1831

Slave Codes Laws in the Southern states that controlled enslaved people. Made to prevent rebellions Ex) Slaves not allowed to meet in large groups Needed written passes to leave master’s property Teaching slaves to read and write was a crime

Underground Railroad Enslaved blacks tried to run away to freedom to the North A runaway might receive help from the Underground Railroad A network of “safe houses” owned by people who were against slavery. Most runaways were captured and returned to their owners

Assessment: Part I 1. Read North and South and highlight information. Identify the geography/climate, economy, society, and transportation differences between the North and the South during the early 1800’s.

Assessment: Part II 2. Create a table in which you identify geography/climate, economy, society, and transportation differences of the North and South. Differences North South Geography/climate 2 facts Economy Society Transportation

Assessment Part III. Was life in the North and South more similar or different before the Civil War? Why or why not?