Background Essay

Definitions for Background Essay Buffer- a person or thing that shields and protects against annoyance, harm, hostile forces, etc. (lessens the impact of) A protection against harm (person or thing) Charter- a document, issued by a sovereign state, outlining the conditions under which a corporation, colony, or city is organized, and defining its rights and privileges. Document issued by a government stating rules and freedoms of a colony or organization Charity- generous actions or donations to aid the poor, ill, or helpless; Something given to a person in need. Giving to those in need (monetary or action) Paternalistic- the system or practice of managing or governing individuals, nations, etc., in the manner of a father dealing benevolently and often intrusively with his children. Caring for as if a parent. Fortifications- Military works constructed for the purpose of strengthening a position; A fort. Building constructed to provide defense.

Background Essay Questions 1. What were some motivating factors behind the creation of the Georgia Colony? To provide a place for the poor and debt ridden people to settle, to provide a defensive buffer for South Carolina, and to help England prosper 2. Who and where were three potential enemies who posed a threat to the Carolinas? Spanish in Florida, The French in Louisiana, and along the Mississippi River, and the Indian allies of these nations. 3. Besides funding, what four powers did the king’s charter grant the 21 trustees over the new colony? The trustees were granted the powers of a corporation: they could elect their own governing body, make land grants, and enact laws and taxes Why did trustees make size limits on land holdings? Since the colony was designed to benefit the poor, there was a 500-acre land limit placed on individual holdings.

Background Essay Questions How was Georgia different than other English colonies already established? They were not allowed to establish a representative assembly because the trustees did not trust the colonist make their own laws. The settlement was laid out in compact, confined, and concentrated townships in order to enhance defense and for social control. What four restriction were placed upon the colonists? Those who had not paid for their land could not sell the land, or borrow money against it. No rum No Slavery What were some of the policies that chafed (upset) some Georgia colonists? Restrictions on land holdings, restrictions on land sales, prohibition against slavery, depriving settlers of self government and not having the rights of other Englishmen.

8. Label the buckets with the THREE reasons for the establishment of the Georgia colony. Charity Economy Defense

Timeline  1732 – King George II grants a charter giving the Trustees permission to establish Georgia Colony 1733 – February 12: James Oglethorpe and approximately 120 settlers arrive on the ship Ann, negotiate with Chief Tomochichi and begin to construct the settlement of Savannah. July—42 Spanish/Portuguese Jews arrive in Savannah 1734 – The first group of Salzburgers arrive in Georgia 1736 – 30 Highland Scots arrive in Georgia to help Oglethorpe establish Fort Frederica 1739 – England declares war on Spain 1742 – Oglethorpe leads the colonists to victory over the Spanish at the Battle of Bloody Marsh 1752 – Trustee period ends and Georgia becomes a Royal Colony

Savannah: Utopia, or Epic Fail Savannah: Utopia, or Epic Fail? Were the reasons for the settlement, as stated in the charter of 1732, a success or failure?

List of Documents Document A: Document B: Document C: Document D: Charter of Georgia: 1732 Document B: Ship Manifest: Georgia’s First Colonist Document C: Spanish Mission and English Fortification Map Document D: Colonial Coastal Fortifications Document E: Official Seal of Georgia Document F: Excerpt of Grievances

When I get to a Document: Read the questions for that document Read the source and notes Look at the vocabulary hints As you read, independently or collaboratively, mark your document with highlighter/pencil and make notes on the side -circle words you don’t know -underline/highlight important evidence that will help you answer the question -Put question marks beside statements in which you need clarification After you have read the entire document, actively discuss with your group Answer the questions, or complete the task to the best of your ability.

Document A Vocabulary Defray - pay Cultivating- farming Desolate- isolated Realms – kingdoms Ravaged – wasted, destroyed Calamities – mishaps Detriment- disadvantage Fortify- protect Provisions- supplies

Document A Summaries Section One: To help the poor subjects, but to also strengthen our colonies trade, navigation and wealth of our realms Section Two: Vocabulary and Tone Savages (Indians) have laid waste and fire in great numbers and massacred our loving subjects. The crown will protect all loving subjects, even the meanest and most unfortunate in the regular colony of said poor people. Section Three: Vocabulary and Tone Describes the level of defense- kill, slay, and destroy and conquer all by fitting ways…with their ships, arms, ammunition and other goods

Document B Document: -The List of Early Settlers of Georgia Source: -Primary or Secondary Author: -Notes by University of Georgia Press Bias: -None

Document B Vocabulary 1. Midwife – person who assists in childbirth 2. slave sawyer – paid slaves who worked for a set period of time

Document B List ten different occupations of the first of Georgia? Silk maker, trader, gardener, carpenter, merchant, tailor, surgeon, upholsterer, farmer, stocking maker 2. Why did the Trustees specifically choose these artisan skills to create their Savannah settlement? Skills need for survival and skills needed for the purposes of mercantilism These key trades were needed to support the stated purposes of the charter, including mercantilism, and get the colony established. (England learned from previously established colonies.) 3. What happened to many settlers? What reasons can you think of that might have led to their fates? Many died and the clearing of a pine forest created a breeding ground for mosquitoes caused the spread of disease.   4. Why do you think there were many more settlers for whom the Trustees paid their way in comparison (received charity) to those who paid their own way? What does this tell you about the intentions of King George II or the 21 Trustees? The trustees needed those skilled workers to establish the new colony. Most people wouldn’t go without the inclusion of their family.

Document C Document: -Spanish Missions and Fortifications Map Source: -Primary or Secondary Author: -Georgia New Encyclopedia Bias: -None

Document C 24 miles south of the Northern Line of Spanish Claim 4. How far is this new English settlement in regards to Spanish claim to the land? 24 miles south of the Northern Line of Spanish Claim 5. How do you think the Spanish felt about the English encroaching on their claim?   Defensive/protective, angered 6. Why do you think this site was chosen? What message were the English trying to send to Spain? To send a message to Spanish Florida that their “line of claim” is meaningless and England intends on settling where they choose. 7. Approximately how far away is Spain’s colonial capitol of St. Augustine from England’s Savannah settlement? 145

Document D Document: -Colonial Coastal Fortifications Source: -Primary or Secondary Author: -Ramsey, William L. -New Georgia Encyclopedia Bias: -None

Document D Vocabulary Philanthropic: charitable Rhetoric: Encroachments: advances  Fortifying: securing and protecting  Maritime: nautical   Stipulated: stated/outlined   Thwarted: disappointing, dissatisfying Siege: take over Garrison- barracks Compelled: forced

Document D How does the NGE article on Colonial Coastal Fortifications support the original purposes of the charter of 1732? Oglethorpe strengthened the defensive buffer by building forts along Georgia’s barrier islands, even intruding on Spanish lands. Fort St. Georges was built 35 miles from St. Augustine, but it was eventually abandoned. What gains did England make in its military endeavors? They were able to hold off Spanish invasions, including the War of Jenkins Ear and the Battle of Bloody Marsh where Georgia soundly beat the Spanish. However, Georgia’s attempted invasions into Spanish Florida were NOT successful.

Document E Document: -Official Seal of the Colony of Georgia Source: -Primary or Secondary Author: -Wilson, Renate and David, Cowan I. -Georgia New Encyclopedia Bias: -None

Document E Vocabulary 1. Cultivation: farming 2. Physic: appearance 3. Botanical: plant 4. Indigenous: native 5. Supplant: replace 6. Viniculture: the cultivation of grapevines for winemaking. 7. Fluctuations: variations, changes 8. Commodity: good, product

Document E What is the economic policy/term that describes the process of a nation exporting more than it imports? How does the stated goal and motto of the Official Seal support this economic policy? Mercantilism. “Not for themselves but for others.” The colony exists for the good of England, not for itself. Trustee Garden 2. What types of products were expected to be very profitable in the new colony of Georgia? Georgia was expected to provide Mother England with silk, wine, and other products such as oranges, capers, cotton, olives 3. How does this article support England’s economic policy of mercantilism? Indentured servants and colonists were to provide raw materials for goods to be further processed and consumed in England. These materials were to replace expensive imports from Spain and other Mediterranean areas. Why was it thought that silk would be a successful crop in Georgia? They believe Georgia’s climate was subtropical. (Georgia’s location is a similar latitude as where the industry was successful in Asia.) Was silk production ever successful in Georgia? What evidence do you have for this? Not long-term. Fluctuations in the climate and a lack of skilled labor in making silk keep it from being truly successful. Italians and locals couldn’t agree on how it should be made. However, the Salzburgers from Austria, had success in silk making. By 1742- silk had become an important export commodity -By 1767- almost a ton of silk was exported to England each year. After analyzing the seal, motto and reading about agriculture, which of the three reasons for the creation of Georgia do these components support? Mercantilism

Thursday, September 15th Agenda: Warm Up: Document F Debate/Thesis Take the document F from the bucket. Read the document and annotate. Use the folder to help with unknown vocabulary. On the back of the document number 1 through FIVE. Reword the statements that you understand in you own words. Save the ones that you don’t to review with your table.

Document F Vocabulary Endeavor – effort Exhibit – show Flattering – pleasing Contradicting – opposing/opposite Dispers’d – distributed Genuine – honest Chiefly – primarily or mainly Remonstrated – argued Neglecting – disregarding/avoiding Liberal – ample/generous Inclination – feelings/regard Contempt – dislike Ridicule – mockery/scorn

Document F Document: -Excerpt of Grievances Source: -Primary or Secondary Author: -Talifer, Patrick -A True and Historical Narrative of the Colony of Georgia Bias: ??

Document F Write Patrick Talifer’s complaints in kid friendly language. List 1-5. The English government embellished and falsely reported the conditions of Georgia’s soil and climate. Restricting land by 50 acres of good land can’t sustain a family, much less land that is pine barren. Denying the use of slaves, even after repeated requests, makes it impossible to make improvements. By not providing proper methods and training for making silk and wine, makes it of little or no service. Land is assigned in tracts without knowing the quality or the ability of the inhabitants

Sort your Evidence Which documents provide evidence for each of the THREE purposes of the Georgia Colony? Defense Charity Economy Document A: Charter of Georgia: 1732 Document B: Ship Manifest: Georgia’s First Colonist Document C: Spanish Mission and English Fortification Map Document D: Colonial Coastal Fortifications Document E: Official Seal of Georgia Document F: Excerpt of Grievances

Sort your Evidence Which documents provide evidence for each of the THREE purposes of the Georgia Colony? Defense Charity Economy A C D B F E

Did the Georgia colony succeed or fail in fulfilling the requirements/purposes of the Charter of 1732?

LETS GET ORGANIZED 1. Write your thesis….. You thesis may be BOTH: While the colony of Georgia was a failure in providing charity, it proved successful as a defensive barrier and in mercantilism. It may be ONE sided: The colony of Georgia was successful and fulfilled its requirements in the areas of economy, charity, and defense. The colony of Georgia was a failure because it was unable to fulfill its requirements in the areas of economy, charity, and defense.

SUCCESS

Failure