NARRATIVE A Narrative is a piece of writing that tells a story. The story can be imaginary or based on a real incident. A narrative always deals with some problems which lead to the climax and then turn into a solution to the problem.

Communicative Purpose To tell a story about something or someone. To amuse or entertain the readers or listeners.

Examples of Narrative Texts Short stories Folk tales Legends Myths Fables Novels Cartoon strips Picture books

Re-orientation ( 0ptional) gives closing remark to the story Re-orientation ( 0ptional) gives closing remark to the story. It consists of moral lesson or advice. Note: Sometimes,a writer puts his judgment on a certain participant or a certain event. This is called evaluation e.g.There was once a mouse traveling through the forest. He was small but kind-hearted ( evalution ).

Text Organization Orientation sets the scene ( where and when the story happens) and introduces the participants of the story (who and what is involved in the story). Complication tells the beginning of the problem which leads to crisis(climax) of the main participants. Resolution provides solution to the problem either in a happy ending or a sad (tragic) ending.

Language Features Adverbs,e.g. sadly,angrily, etc. Past tense, e.g. The lion woke up and grabbed the mouse in his sharp claws. Nouns, e.g. lion, mouse, hunter etc. Pronouns, e.g. it,you,he,etc. Noun phrases, e.g. a sleeping lion, the grateful mouse,a strong net, etc. Time connectives and conjunction,e.g. one day, sometime later, then,a long time ago, when,first,finally, etc. Adjectifves, e.g. small,helpless,etc. Adverbs,e.g. sadly,angrily, etc.

Adverbial phrases of time and place,e. g Adverbial phrases of time and place,e.g. a few days ago,in the forest,etc Material processes(action verbs).e.g. grabbed,ran,arrived,ate,went,laughed,etc. Verbal processes( saying verbs),e.g. asked,said,told,etc. Thinking verbs,feeling verbs, verbs of senses, e.g. The lion felt hungry; The mouse thought he was clever; The hunter smelt something burning. Direct speech, e.g. “Please don’t eat me !” begged the mouse. Indirect speech, e.g. The mouse begged the lion not to eat him.

Cinderella Once upon a time there was a beautiful girl called Cinderella. She lived with her stepsister and stepmother. They were very Bossy. She had to do all the housework. One day an invitation to the ball came to the family. Her Stepsister did not let her go, Cinderella was very sad. The Stepsister went to the ball without her. Fortunately,the fairy godmother came and helped her to get to the ball. At the ball,Cinderella danced with the prince. The prince fell in love with her, and then he married her. They lived happily ever after.

1. Which of the following is Not True according to the text ? A. Cinderella lived with her stepsister. B. Cinderella felt happy with her husband. C. Cinderella felt annoyed with her stepsister. D. Cinderella was helped by her stepsister to do all the housework. 2.The communicative purpose of this text is to… A. describe how Cinderella went to the hall. B. entertain the readers with a fairy tale. C. persuade the readers to read the story. D. inform the readers about Cinderella’s marriage.

Communicative Purpose To reconstruct past experiences by retelling events in the order in which they have occurred.

Examples of Recount Texts Incident reports Newspaper reports Police reports Articles Letters Journalss Historical accounts Diary entries

RECOUNT A Recount is a piece of writing that tells events in a chronological sequence. A recount text is similar to a narrative text. The story may be an event or a situation that took place on a particular day. The order of the events is very important. A recount can entertain and /or inform.

Text Organization Personal recounts -Orientation introduces who were involved in the story,when and where the story happened -Events tell what happened in a chronological order -Evaluation gives comments of the writer or speaker about the experience. -Reorientation (0ptional) provides the conclusion of the experience. The factual Recounts -Orientation Introduces who were involved in the story, when and where the story happened. -Events Tell what happened in a Chronological order.

Language Adverbs pf phrases Features Nouns, e.g. man, journey,town, etc. Pronouns, e.g. it,he,him,his, etc. Action verbs, . wanted,decided,ate, etc. Past tenses,. A rich man wanted to make a journey to another town. Time conjuntion , e.g. before,finally, etc. Adverbs, e.g. Cheerfully , quickly. Adverbs of phrases, e.g. a few days ago, at the end of the journey,etc. Adjectives, e.g. old, clever, light , heavy, etc.

The Clever Servant This is an old story. It was first told long ago. A rich man wanted to make a journey to another town. He was a businessman. He wanted to take things to sell. He also wanted to take gold to buy things with. He decided to take ten servants with him. They would carry the things to sell and the gold , and also food to eat on the journey. He was a kind man. He said to one of his servants,”You are the smallest, the thinnest, and the weakest of all my servants. You cannot carry my heavy load. You must choose the lightest load to carry.” The servants thanked his master for his kindness. He pointed the biggest load. This was bread to eat on the journey. His master said,”You are foolish. That is the biggest and haviest load,” But the servant picked up the load cheerfully and the journey begun. They walked for four hours. They stopped for a rest. They all ate some of the bread. There was less bread for the servant to carry. The servant’s load grew smaller and lighter every day. At the end of the journey, the servant had nothing to carry “They would carry the things to sell…” The word “They’ refers to… a. the gold and the food b.the loads c.the rich man and servants d.the servants The antonym of word “cheerfully” in paragraph 4 is … a. grudgingly b. happily c. gleefully d.carelessly