SELETHULLING PLC How to Investigate OSH accidents, how to prevent and Benefits obtained from investigation Trainers: Haileluel Mamo PhD Candidate and lecture at AAiT Kassu Jilcha October, 2016 Invite participants to think about the difference between incident and accident. Tell them to think about it because we will talk about it later. For the bullet: What RESULTS are you looking for: This would include removing or minimizing the potential for another occurrence. To seek to minimize the pain and suffering, equipment damage, loss of morale. Empower employees by having a system to address unsafe conditions or acts before other or more serious injuries occur As part of the bullet on WISHA requirements wee will discuss: When are you required to notify LNI? When are you required to conduct an investigation? What is required to be in the investigation?

Objectives To know how to investigate accidents at workplace To understand how to prevent workplace accidents and unsafe act To know the benefits we obtain from accidents prevention To understand the OD and OA and its impact Invite participants to think about the difference between incident and accident. Tell them to think about it because we will talk about it later. For the bullet: What RESULTS are you looking for: This would include removing or minimizing the potential for another occurrence. To seek to minimize the pain and suffering, equipment damage, loss of morale. Empower employees by having a system to address unsafe conditions or acts before other or more serious injuries occur As part of the bullet on WISHA requirements wee will discuss: When are you required to notify LNI? When are you required to conduct an investigation? What is required to be in the investigation?

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Why do we investigate accidents? Brain storming 1 Why do we investigate accidents? Invite participants to think about the difference between incident and accident. Tell them to think about it because we will talk about it later. For the bullet: What RESULTS are you looking for: This would include removing or minimizing the potential for another occurrence. To seek to minimize the pain and suffering, equipment damage, loss of morale. Empower employees by having a system to address unsafe conditions or acts before other or more serious injuries occur As part of the bullet on WISHA requirements wee will discuss: When are you required to notify LNI? When are you required to conduct an investigation? What is required to be in the investigation?

Why Investigate accidents? To prevent future incidents (leading to accidents). To identify and eliminate hazards. To expose deficiencies in process and/or equipment. To reduce injury and worker compensation costs. To maintain worker morale. Invite participants to think about the difference between incident and accident. Tell them to think about it because we will talk about it later. For the bullet: What RESULTS are you looking for: This would include removing or minimizing the potential for another occurrence. To seek to minimize the pain and suffering, equipment damage, loss of morale. Empower employees by having a system to address unsafe conditions or acts before other or more serious injuries occur As part of the bullet on WISHA requirements wee will discuss: When are you required to notify LNI? When are you required to conduct an investigation? What is required to be in the investigation?

Include non injury accidents incidents Investigation Include non injury accidents incidents Proactive: prior accident occurrence Focus on leading OSH indicators Preventative: Reactive: This focuses on only lagging indicator

Accident Investigation Questionnaires Interview Observation Document review Write report Conclusion Invite participants to think about the difference between incident and accident. Tell them to think about it because we will talk about it later. For the bullet: What RESULTS are you looking for: This would include removing or minimizing the potential for another occurrence. To seek to minimize the pain and suffering, equipment damage, loss of morale. Empower employees by having a system to address unsafe conditions or acts before other or more serious injuries occur As part of the bullet on WISHA requirements wee will discuss: When are you required to notify LNI? When are you required to conduct an investigation? What is required to be in the investigation?

Brainstorming What do you expect that would be Future Accident Potential for your company if it continue in such manner?

ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION:A 6-STEP PROCESS Collect Information Analyze All Causes Assess Future Accident Potential Develop Corrective Action Report Data and Recommendations Take Corrective Action and Monitor Accident Investigation can be thought of as a 6 step process, as shown. Review each of the six steps in turn. Emphasize that the failure to properly and thoroughly complete any of the six steps will hinder the overall effectiveness of the investigation. (The following set of slides cover each of the six steps in detail, so the purpose of this slide is merely to give an overview). TRANSITION: Let’s look at each of these steps more closely, beginning with the collection of information...

General Main Steps of accident Investigation Develop a plan Assemble an investigation kit Investigate all incidents and accidents immediately Collect facts Interview witnesses Write a report The next set of slides will outline each component you need for effective Accident Investigation. Then we will look into each component in more detail. The time to develop your Company’s Accident Investigation Plan is before you have an incident or an accident. The who, when, where, what and how should be developed before the incident. Accident Investigation Training, investigation tools and your policies and procedures should be developed before the incident or accident. One size will not fit all. Your Company’s motor vehicle investigation reports will differ from your warehouse investigations as will your off-site investigations.

WHY DO ACCIDENTs INVESTIGATIONS FAIL ? GROUP DISCUSSION Ask the class why Accident Investigations can sometimes fail, or be less than 100% effective. Record their answers on a flip chart. The next slide provides sample answers to this question.

WHY ACCIDENT INVESTIGATIONS FAIL... Lack of time to complete Lack of motivation to complete Lack of accountability Lack of skills & knowledge Investigation stopped short and didn’t reveal all causes of the accident Discuss each reason of why AIs fail, one by one. State that these are not the only reasons that AIs may fail or be less than effective, but they are the most common reasons. Ask the supervisors to identify any other reasons they can think of and write their responses on a flipchart. This training session is designed to assist us in avoiding many of these pitfalls ourselves so that we can maximize the benefits from AIs. However, we need to be aware of these pitfalls and continually remind each other of the benefits of completing AIs thoroughly and consistently. TRANSITION: Let’s briefly discuss the issue of accountabilities, roles, and responsibilities relating to Accident Investigation within our facility...

Write The Report Answer the following in the report: When and where did the accident happen? What was the sequence of events? Who was involved? What injuries occurred or what equipment was damaged? How were the employees injured? A timeline or chronological narrative is sometimes helpful.

Brain Storming Assignment 1:left as your assignment Let you go around the workplace and Investigate the root causes of accidents’ in your company and report it. Invite participants to think about the difference between incident and accident. Tell them to think about it because we will talk about it later. For the bullet: What RESULTS are you looking for: This would include removing or minimizing the potential for another occurrence. To seek to minimize the pain and suffering, equipment damage, loss of morale. Empower employees by having a system to address unsafe conditions or acts before other or more serious injuries occur As part of the bullet on WISHA requirements wee will discuss: When are you required to notify LNI? When are you required to conduct an investigation? What is required to be in the investigation?

Assignment 2: What are the remedial actions/management systems you should take to solve the root causes of your workplace accidents? Write the solutions you investigate to solve the root causes of accidents

Participation Questions: what are some of consequences of an Unsafe and Unhealthy Work Environment?

Consequences of an Unsafe and Unhealthy Work Environment Injury and Disease Back injuries are most prevalent Exposure to Chemicals Undetected effects, possible long-term risk Mental Health Psychological symptoms can affect productivity and life away from work Deaths and Violence Economic Costs

Accident Prevention /control methods List down the ways you expect? Group Discussion Accident Prevention /control methods List down the ways you expect? Invite participants to think about the difference between incident and accident. Tell them to think about it because we will talk about it later. For the bullet: What RESULTS are you looking for: This would include removing or minimizing the potential for another occurrence. To seek to minimize the pain and suffering, equipment damage, loss of morale. Empower employees by having a system to address unsafe conditions or acts before other or more serious injuries occur As part of the bullet on WISHA requirements wee will discuss: When are you required to notify LNI? When are you required to conduct an investigation? What is required to be in the investigation?

Accident Prevention /control methods Corrective actions Recommendations that are adopted Inform and train employees and supervisors Follow Up Involve supervisors & employees Are solutions: Used? Effective? Solicit feedback Invite participants to think about the difference between incident and accident. Tell them to think about it because we will talk about it later. For the bullet: What RESULTS are you looking for: This would include removing or minimizing the potential for another occurrence. To seek to minimize the pain and suffering, equipment damage, loss of morale. Empower employees by having a system to address unsafe conditions or acts before other or more serious injuries occur As part of the bullet on WISHA requirements wee will discuss: When are you required to notify LNI? When are you required to conduct an investigation? What is required to be in the investigation?

Safety and Health Management Systems Five primary elements: Management Commitment Employee Involvement Workplace Analysis Hazard Prevention and Control Safety and Health Training

Safety and Health Management Systems Successful Implementation: Requires work Develop new or modified safety and health procedures and documents identified from assessments Ensure adequate time and resources to train employees on all systems

Safety and Health Management Systems Review: Periodic reviews or audits will help identify: Problems or deficiencies in the system Develop corrective actions Keep you on track to meet safety goals and objectives

Accident Prevention Design a safe work environment Ergonomics Guards, handrails Safety goggles, helmets Warning lights Self-correcting mechanisms Automatic shutoffs Ergonomics Change job environment to match capabilities limitations of employees

Accident Prevention (cont’d) Health and Safety Committees At the department level, do implementation and administration At the organization level, formulate policies Behavior Modification Small percentage of workforce responsible for majority of health insurance claims Measure, communicate, monitor, and reinforce desired behavior Assessing Intervention Effectiveness

Disease Prevention Reducing the Incidence of Diseases Record keeping Monitoring exposure Genetic screening

Creating a Safe Work Environment Safety Awareness Programs Safety Motivation and Knowledge Elements in Creating a Safe Work Environment Enforcement of Safety Rules Accident Investigations and Records

Creating a Safe Work Environment (cont’d) Promoting Safety Awareness The Key Role of the Supervisor Communicating the need to work safely. Proactive Safety Training Program First aid, defensive driving, accident prevention techniques, hazardous materials, and emergency procedures. Information Technology and Safety Awareness and Training

Creating a Safe Work Environment (cont’d) Typical Safety Rules Using proper safety devices Using proper work procedures Following good housekeeping practices Complying with accident- and injury-reporting procedures Wearing required safety clothing and equipment Avoiding carelessness and horseplay

Creating a Healthy Work Environment Recognizing and Controlling Health Hazards Related to Hazardous Materials and Processes Use substitutes for hazardous materials. Alter hazardous processes and engineering controls. Enclose or isolate hazardous processes. Issue clothing to protect against hazards. Improve ventilation.

Look at the Figure below Brain Storming Look at the Figure below What suggestions do you give to the figure if you were asked questions related to OSH? Write down your suggestions for your observation.

Participation question What costs do companies incur due to unsafe workplace?

THE COST OF INJURIES Workers’ Compensation Lost time Medical cost Break in new person Tool/equipment damage Lost productivity Insurance cost weak Competitiveness

Benefits of OSH Control Higher productivity Increased efficiency and quality Reduced medical and insurance costs Lower workers’ compensation rates and payments Improved reputation as an employer of choice Invite participants to think about the difference between incident and accident. Tell them to think about it because we will talk about it later. For the bullet: What RESULTS are you looking for: This would include removing or minimizing the potential for another occurrence. To seek to minimize the pain and suffering, equipment damage, loss of morale. Empower employees by having a system to address unsafe conditions or acts before other or more serious injuries occur As part of the bullet on WISHA requirements wee will discuss: When are you required to notify LNI? When are you required to conduct an investigation? What is required to be in the investigation?

Occupational Diseases Disease-Causing Hazards: Arsenic, asbestos, benzene, bichloromethylether Coal dust, coke-oven emissions, cotton dust Lead, radiation, vinyl chloride Workers most likely to be exposed: Chemical and oil refinery workers, miners, textile workers Steelworkers, lead smelters Medical technicians, painters, shoemakers, plastics industry workers

Diseases Linked to Workplace Hazards Cancer Liver, lung, brain, kidney Lung Disease White, brown, and black lung Leukemia Bronchitis, emphysema Lymphoma, aplastic anemia Central nervous system damage Reproductive Disorders Skin Diseases

Employee Health Cleanliness ( sewerage and sanitation) Air ventilation and temperature (maximum 25 – 30 degree Celsius) Cross ventilation, required no of fans and exhaust fans Thermometer kept in visible place Dust Sucker, Mask Lighting Safe drinking water

Employee Safety Safety of building equipment and other infrastructure Fire fighting and safety ( emergency door, 2 per room, emergency staircase) Fire fighting equipment Safety against electrical wearing and connections Crane and lift etc. Turbine

Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) of 1970 Mission of OSHA To assure the safety and health of workers by setting and enforcing standards providing training and education establishing partnerships with businesses encouraging continual improvements in workplace safety and health Coverage of employees—all nongovernmental employers and employees; state and local government employees

Provisions of OSHA OSHA Standards Enforcement of the Act Apply to general industry, maritime, construction, and agriculture Cover the workplace, machinery and equipment, material, power sources, processing, protective clothing, first aid, and administrative requirements. Enforcement of the Act The Secretary of Labor is authorized by the Act to conduct workplace inspections, to issue citations, and to impose penalties on employers.

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