Age of Discovery SOL 4

WHY? HOW? AND?

Exploration… Why now? 6 Major Reasons 1)Renaissance Spirit Curiosity 2)Competition among European Monarchs Wanted to become “super power” Mercantilism—economic theory that states that there is a fixed amount of wealth in the world so in order to receive a larger share, one country has to take some wealth from another country. 3)Desire for spices, silk, porcelain from Asia 4)Support for the diffusion of Christianity 5)Europeans wanted direct route to Asia Cut out Muslim and Italian middlemen The Fall of Constantinople in 1453 had severed the main overland trade link between Asia and Europe

6 Major Reasons (Cont.) 6)New Maritime Technology Compass Invented in China, made it to Europe in 1200’s Lateen Sails Made maneuvering easier allowing Europeans to travel outside of the Mediterranean Used by Prince Henry “the Navigator” of Portugal in his caravel ships

Astrolabe Astrolabe Measured Latitude using angles of sun and stars on horizon Invented in Middle East

Map from 1502 Better Maps More accurate and durable Using paper (from China) and the printing press they were distributed more widely Map from 1502

So in other words… Gold, God, Glory

Gold New Nation-States of England, France, Portugal & Spain desire power and a need to fill their treasuries Needed the money to pay for their expanding governments & standing armies

Gold Output in 2005

God After the Crusades a strong desire to spread Christianity and halt the spread of Islam Eventually a race between Catholics & Protestants for New World souls Spain took up the cause very early because of Queen Isabella of Spain

Glory Increases the power of the rising monarchs; Spain, Portugal, France, Netherlands and England all wanted be the super power of the era! A chance for a country and an individual to become great! The conquistadors, or the conquerors emerge for all three reasons.

European Explorers/Conquistadors

PORTUGAL

Henry the Navigator- Portuguese Prince. Established a school of Navigation in Portugal. Sponsored expeditions to chart Atlantic coast to Africa. Wished to establish direct access to gold in Arab nations. (Middle East).

1. Bartholomew Dias (1488) Sailed around Cape of Good Hope and around the southern tip of Africa. He turned his ship around after he sailed around the tip and did not continue.

2. Vasco da Gama (1498) Sailed around the Cape of Good Hope and eastwards all the way to India. First to sail all the way across the Indian Ocean.

3. Pedro Alvares Cabral (1500) Intended to follow up da Gama’s voyage to India, his ship was blown off course and landed in Brazil. Portugal was able to claim Brazil because of this voyage and as a result of the…

Treaty of Torsedillas - the Pope drew a line north to south in the New World, splitting it between Portugal and Spain. Spain received much of the Western Hemisphere, and Portugal received very little because much of the land was undiscovered, at this time.

Treaty of Torsedillas

4. Amerigo Vespucci (1497)- Italian Navigator, but sailed under Portugal’s flag, also. Explored the Coast of South America. First to discover that Americas separate from Asia. “Americas” named after him.

SPAIN

5. Christopher Columbus (1492) Sailed with 3 ships. The Nina, Pinta, and the Santa Maria. Wished to find East Indies. Landed in San Salvador (Caribbean) instead. Typically remembered as man who discovered America. Called people he met “Indians”. Made three more voyages (4 total) and died believing that he had achieved his goal of landing in the Indies.

6. Ferdinand Magellan- (1519) From Portugal, but sailed for Spain. Thought there was a shorter route to Asia South of Brazil. Result: 1st Voyage around the World. Also, named Pacific Ocean because the water was calm and peaceful.

7. Hernan Cortes (1519)- Sailed from Cuba to Mexico. Discovered and conquered Aztecs.

8. Francisco Pizzaro (1530) Sailed from Panama to Peru and conquered Incan Empire.

ENGLAND

9. John Cabot (1497) Discovered Newfoundland and New England. Gave England its first claim in North America. His voyage was the beginning of England’s sphere of influence in North America.

FRANCE

10. Jaques Cartier (1534) Made several voyages to North America explored much territory in North America (Louisiana Territory) Allowed France to have profitable fur and fishing trade, but France quickly lost influence in New World.

CUBING Word/Phrase: Treaty of Torsedillas Describe it. (What is the Definition? What does it look like?) Compare it. (What is it similar or different from?) Associate it. (What does it make you think of?) 4. Analyze it. (How was it created? What happened/has to happen for it to take place? What is the substance of it?) 5. Apply it. (What can you do with it? How is/was it used) Argue for or against it. (Take a stand and list reasons for supporting this position)

Jump-Starter: Answer questions 1-3 in complete sentences

Jump-Starter: Answer questions 1-3 in complete sentences

Jump-Starter: Answer questions 1-3 in complete sentences Atlantic & Pacific

Jump-Starter: Answer questions 1-3 in complete sentences Atlantic & Pacific

Jump-Starter: Answer questions 1-3 in complete sentences 52°30´ S Latitude Atlantic & Pacific

Jump-Starter: Answer questions 1-3 in complete sentences 52°30´ S Latitude Atlantic & Pacific

Jump-Starter: Answer questions 1-3 in complete sentences 52°30´ S Latitude Atlantic & Pacific Cape Pilar South

Jump-Starter: Answer in complete sentences! List three reasons Europeans were interested in exploration. Christopher Columbus was sponsored by which nation on his exploration to North America? Explain Mercantilism in your own words. Europeans spread their Christian faith by sending ___________ to new lands. Who is credited with making the first circumnavigation of the globe? Who is credited with making the second circumnavigation of the globe? Which Portuguese explorer found the Cape of Good Hope? John Cabot is credited with discovering Newfoundland, ____________, and _________________. America is named after which Spanish/Portuguese Explorer? Canada was discovered by which French explorer?

Jump-Starter: Answer in complete sentences! List three reasons Europeans were interested in exploration. God – spread of Christianity Gold – increased wealth Glory – new wealth and power Christopher Columbus was sponsored by which nation on his exploration to North America? Spain – Ferdinand and Isabella

Jump-Starter: Answer in complete sentences! Explain Mercantilism in your own words. There is a fixed amount of wealth, so the only way to get more is take from someone else. Europeans spread their Christian faith by sending ____________to new lands. Colonists

Jump-Starter: Answer in complete sentences! Who is credited with making the first circumnavigation of the globe? Ferdinand Magellan Who is credited with making the second circumnavigation of the globe? Sir Francis Drake

Jump-Starter: Answer in complete sentences! Which Portuguese explorer found the Cape of Good Hope? Bartolomeu Dias John Cabot is credited with discovering Newfoundland, ____________, and _________________. Nova Scotia New England

Jump-Starter: Answer in complete sentences! America is named after which Spanish/Portuguese Explorer? Amerigo Vespucci Canada was discovered by which French explorer? Jacques Cartier