SOCIAL AND CULTURAL TABLES - AGE CENSUS OF INDIA 2011 RELEASE OF SOCIAL AND CULTURAL TABLES - AGE DATA HIGHLIGHTS Dr. C. CHANDRAMOULI REGISTRAR GENERAL & CENSUS COMMISSIONER, INDIA MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS August 2013

Background So far the data released from Census 2011 pertained to : Houselisting and Housing Census Primary Census Abstract covering final results on: Total population by sex, SC, ST population by sex, Literacy by sex Workers, non-workers and categories of economic activity by sex

Data Release – Indicators The present set of results pertain to data collected in the Census 2011 on age Age is one of the core topics in Population Census Census results have three basic tabulation levels, namely, rural/urban, sex and age. Distribution of population by age is an essential prerequisite for dissemination of census results by age and for population projection The figures exclude the estimated population of Mao Maram, Paomata and Purul sub-divisions of Senapati district of Manipur

DATA ON AGE – HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE

Census of India Data on age is collected since the first Census in1872 Up to Census 2001, a direct question on age was recorded In Census 1991, Tables on age were published based on a sample tabulation of 10% forms In Census 2001, Tables on age were published on full count basis In Census 2011, for the first time, data on both date of birth and age has been recorded Results on age in Census 2011 have been compiled based on responses in these two questions on a full count basis

DATA HIGHLIGHTS

Population of selected age groups India : 1991 to 2011 (in million) Age group (years lbd) Census 1991* Census 2001@ Census 2011@ All ages 838.6 1028.6 1210.6 0-4 102.4 110.4 112.8 5-9 111.3 128.3 126.9 10-14 98.7 124.8 132.7 15-59 464.8 585.6 729.9 60-99 56.5 76.5 103.2 100+ 0.2 0.1 0.6 Age not stated 4.7 2.7 4.5 * Excluding Jammu & Kashmir @ Excluding Mao Maram, Pao Mata and Purul Sub Divisions of Senapati district of Manipur

Percentage of Population in selected age groups India : 1991 to 2011 Age group (years lbd) Census 1991* Census 2001@ Census 2011@ 0-4 12.2 10.7 9.3 5-9 13.3 12.5 10.5 10-14 11.8 12.1 11.0 15-59 55.4 56.9 60.3 60+ 6.8 7.4 8.6 Age not stated 0.6 0.3 0.4 * Excluding Jammu & Kashmir @ Excluding Mao Maram, Pao Mata and Purul Sub Divisions of Senapati district of Manipur Demographic dividend: Percentage of persons in age-group 15-59 years have increased by 3.4% in 2011 compared to 2001

Age group (completed years) Adolescent, Young and Adults India : 1991 to 2011 Age group (completed years) 1991* 2001@ 2011@ Numbers (in million) All ages 838.6 1,028.6 1,210.6 Adolescent (10-19 years) 177.7 225.1 253.2 Young (15-24 years) 153.5 190.0 231.9 Adult (18 years or more) 475.3 603.1 762.0 % to total population 100.0% 21.2% 21.9% 20.9% 18.3% 18.5% 19.2% 56.7% 58.6% 62.9% * Excluding Jammu & Kashmir @ Excluding Mao Maran, Pao Mata and Purul Sub Divisions of Senapati district of Manipur

Percentage of children (0-4 years) to total population Census 2011 Name of the State % Children Top 5 Bottom 5 MEGHALAYA 13.7 SIKKIM 6.9 BIHAR 12.3 GOA JAMMU & KASHMIR 11.3 KERALA 7.3 JHARKHAND 11.1 TAMIL NADU MIZORAM 11.0 ANDHRA PRADESH 7.4

Percentage of persons in 5-9 years as % to total population Census 2011 Name of the State % in 5-9 years Top 5 Bottom 5 BIHAR 14.4 GOA 7.3 MEGHALAYA 13.1 DAMAN & DIU 7.6 UTTAR PRADESH 12.5 KERALA JHARKHAND TAMIL NADU 7.7 ARUNACHAL PRADESH 12.4 PONDICHERRY 7.9

In Census 2011, 19.8% of persons are in age group 0-9 years compared to 23.2% in Census 2001

Percentage of persons in 10-14 years to total population Census 2011 Name of the State % in 10-14 years Top 5 Bottom 5 BIHAR 13.4 DAMAN & DIU 7.1 ARUNACHAL PRADESH 13.0 GOA 7.6 UTTAR PRADESH 12.9 KERALA 8.4 MEGHALAYA PUDUCHERRY 8.5 NAGALAND 12.6 TAMIL NADU 8.6

Adolescents (age10-19 years) as % to total population Census 2011 Name of the State % Adolescent Top 5 Bottom 5 UTTAR PRADESH 24.5 GOA 15.4 NAGALAND 24.2 KERALA 16.3 ARUNACHAL PRADESH PUDUCHERRY 16.7 MEGHALAYA 23.9 TAMIL NADU 17.2 RAJASTHAN 22.9 ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISLANDS 17.5

Adolescents (age10-19 years) as % to total population Census 2011 (among major States) Name of the State % Adolescent Top 5 Bottom 5 UTTAR PRADESH 24.5 KERALA 16.3 RAJASTHAN 22.9 TAMIL NADU 17.2 UTTARAKHAND 22.5 KARNATAKA 18.9 BIHAR MAHARASHTRA 19.0 JHARKHAND 22.2 ANDHRA PRADESH 19.3

Percentage of Young (age15-24 years) to total population Census 2011 Name of the State % Young Top 5 Bottom 5 DAMAN & DIU 26.7 KERALA 15.8 DADRA & NAGAR HAVELI 22.5 GOA 16.8 SIKKIM 22.0 BIHAR NAGALAND 21.9 PUDUCHERRY 16.9 CHANDIGARH 21.4 TAMIL NADU 17.6

Percentage of Young (age15-24 years) to total population Census 2011 (among major States) Name of the State % Young Top 5 Bottom 5 UTTARAKHAND 20.8 KERALA 15.8 HARYANA 20.7 BIHAR 16.8 NCT OF DELHI 20.4 TAMIL NADU 17.6 UTTAR PRADESH 20.3 JHARKHAND 18.3 PUNJAB 20.2 ODISHA 18.4

Percentage of adults (age 18 years or more) to total population Census 2011 Name of the State % Adult Top 5 Bottom 5 GOA 73.7 MEGHALAYA 53.3 DAMAN & DIU 72.3 BIHAR 54.0 KERALA 71.7 UTTAR PRADESH 56.5 TAMIL NADU 71.3 ARUNACHAL PRADESH 57.3 PUDUCHERRY 71.2 JHARKHAND 57.7

Percentage of adults (age 18 years or more) to total population Census 2011 (major States) Name of the State % Adult Top 5 Bottom 5 KERALA 71.7 BIHAR 54.0 TAMIL NADU 71.3 UTTAR PRADESH 56.5 KARNATAKA 68.3 JHARKHAND 57.7 PUNJAB RAJASTHAN 58.6 ANDHRA PRADESH 67.8 JAMMU & KASHMIR 60.0

Percentage of working age (15-59 years) to total population Census 2011 Name of the State % in 15-59 years Top 5 Bottom 5 DAMAN & DIU 72.6 BIHAR 52.1 ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISLANDS 68.9 MEGHALAYA 55.4 CHANDIGARH 68.4 UTTAR PRADESH 55.8 GOA 66.8 JHARKHAND 56.5 PUDUCHERRY 66.4 RAJASTHAN 57.5

Percentage of working age (15-59 years) to total population Census 2011 (major States) Name of the State % in 15-59 years Top 5 Bottom 5 NCT OF DELHI 65.9 BIHAR 52.1 TAMIL NADU UTTAR PRADESH 55.8 WEST BENGAL 64.3 JHARKHAND 56.5 KARNATAKA 64.2 RAJASTHAN 57.5 PUNJAB 64.0 MADHYA PRADESH 58.6

Name of the State % elderly Top 5 Bottom 5 KERALA 12.6 Percentage of elderly (60 years or more) to total population Census 2011 Name of the State % elderly Top 5 Bottom 5 KERALA 12.6 DADRA & NAGAR HAVELI 4.0 GOA 11.2 ARUNACHAL PRADESH 4.6 TAMIL NADU 10.4 MEGHALAYA 4.7 PUNJAB 10.3 DAMAN & DIU HIMACHAL PRADESH 10.2 NAGALAND 5.2

Name of the State % elderly Top 5 Bottom 5 KERALA 12.6 ASSAM 6.7 Percentage of elderly (60 years or more) to total population Census 2011 (major States) Name of the State % elderly Top 5 Bottom 5 KERALA 12.6 ASSAM 6.7 TAMIL NADU 10.4 NCT of DELHI 6.8 PUNJAB 10.3 JHARKHAND 7.1 MAHARASHTRA 9.9 BIHAR 7.4 ANDHRA PRADESH 9.8 JAMMU & KASHMIR

In Census 2011, 8.6 % of persons are in age group 60+ years compared to 7.4 % in Census 2001 Aged persons have increased in all the States and UTs, except in Daman & Diu

Dependency Ratio

Dependency Ratio Dependency Ratio = (No. of persons in age group 0-14 years + No. of persons in age group 60 years or more) ÷ No. of persons in age group 15-59 years Dependency Ratio can be divided in 2 parts: Young dependency ratio Old dependency ratio Dependency Ratio gives the proportion of persons whom the persons in economically active age group need to support Reduction in Dependency Ratio indicates a phase of population transition where a higher percentage of persons in the working age group may translate into higher per capita income for the economy This is also called the phase where a country may benefit from ‘Demographic Dividend’

Dependency Ratio Dependency Ratio has reduced in all the States and UTs At the all-India level, it has reduced by 100 points compared to 2001

Dependency Ratio, India Dependency Ratio India : 1991 to 2011 Dependency Ratio, India 1991 2001 2011 794 752 652

Young Dependency Ratio, India Young Dependency Ratio India : 1991 to 2011 . Young Dependency Ratio, India 1991 2001 2011 672 621 510 Young Dependency Ratio = No. of persons in age group 0-14 years ÷ No. of persons in age group 15-59 years Reduction in YDR in 2001-11 is sharper than that for the decade 1991-2001

Old Dependency Ratio, India Old Dependency Ratio India : 1991 to 2011 Old Dependency Ratio = No. of persons in age group 60 years or more ÷ No. of persons in age group 15-59 years ODR is rising due to higher life expectancy at birth Old Dependency Ratio, India 1991 2001 2011 122 131 142

Dependency Ratio (Young) Census 2011 Name of the State Population in % Top 5 Bottom 5 Bihar 769 Daman & Diu 311 Meghalaya 716 Goa 326 Uttar Pradesh 640 Andaman & Nicobar 354 Jharkhand 638 Tamil Nadu 358 Rajasthan 602 Puduchchery 360

Dependency Ratio (Old) Census 2011 Name of the State Population in % Top 5 Bottom 5 Kerala 196 Dadra & Nagar Haveli 63 Goa 168 Daman & Diu 64 Himachal Pradesh 161 Arunachal Pradesh 77 Punjab Meghalaya 84 Tamil Nadu 158 Nagaland 86

Quality of age data

Percentage of persons in each year of age Census 1991, 2001 and 2011 Digit preferences in age reporting reduced considerably in Census 2011 in all the ages – primarily due to recording of date of birth for the first time in Census 2011

Measurement of Age accuracy Respondents prefer to report age ending with 0 or5 Whipples Index or the Index of Concentration is calculated to measure extent of digit preference Ideally the Index should be around 100 It was 230 in Census 2001 To improve quality of age data, a question on date of birth was added in Census 2011 Whipple’s Index for India has reduced to 171 in Census 2011 The reduction is more for females compared to males

Whipple’s Index - India Census 2001 and 2011 Persons Males Females Census 2011 171 175 167 Census 2001 230 241 218

States/UTs by range of Whipple’s Index Census 2001 and 2011 Census year Number of States/UTs <=125 126- 150 151 - 175 176 - 199 >= 200 2011 35 4 13 12 5 1 2001 2 3 9 21

Whipple’s Index Census 2011 (major States) Name of the State Top 5 Bottom 5 KERALA 119 BIHAR 209 GUJARAT 147 ANDHRA PRADESH 191 DELHI 149 JHARKHAND TAMIL NADU 155 UTTAR PRADESH 188 PUNJAB KARNATAKA 181

Whipple’s Index Top 5 Bottom 5 Census 2001 (major States) ‘s Name of the State Whipple’s Index Top 5 Bottom 5 KERALA 148 BIHAR 269 HARYANA 176 KARNATAKA 254 GUJARAT 204 ANDHRA PRADESH 253 DELHI 208 UTTAR PRADESH 252 CHHATTISGARH 210 JHARKHAND 249

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