WORLD HISTORY FINAL FLASH CARD REVIEW QUESTIONS ARE IN BLACK ANSWERS ARE IN BLUE

RENAISSANCE, REFORMATION, ENLIGHTENMENT

A philosophical and artistic movement that saw a rebirth in Europe

The Renaissance

The inventor of the Printing Press

Johannes Gutenberg

Why did the Renaissance begin in Italy?

It’s location on trade routes, and new knowledge found in the old Roman Empire

Brought on the Reformation

Martin Luther

Movement focused on human achievement and potential and came into conflict with the teachings of the Catholic Church

Humanism

The movement by the Catholic Church to reform church matters and stop the spread of Protestantism

The Counter-Reformation

This resulted in the formation of the Anglican Church

King Henry VIII was denied an annulment/divorce

Discovered the law of gravity

Isaac Newton

Wrote the Wealth of Nations focused on Capitalism

Adam Smith

Founded the Jesuit order of Priests

Ignatius of Loyola

His philosophy was Government was to protect people’s natural rights “Life, Liberty, & Property

John Locke

He is credited with the creation of the Heliocentric model of the universe

Nicholas Copernicus

They discovered the natural laws of human society as well as the natural world (social science)

Enlightenment Thinkers

The Enlightenment developed out of the ideas of this……..

The Scientific Revolution

He believed that people were naturally cruel, greedy, and selfish and should enter into social contract, only a strong absolute monarchy could guarantee an orderly society

Thomas Hobbes

This Enlightenment Thinker came up with the concept of the Separation of Powers

Montesquieu

He believed the role of Government was to protect the people’s natural rights

John Locke

He said the earth was the center of the Universe

Ptolemy

He said the universe is sun-centered

Copernicus

The model of the Solar System supported by the Church

Geocentric

Enlightenment thinker who said people are good, the evils of society corrupts them “Man is born free, yet everywhere he is in chains”

Rousseau

U.S. Bill of Rights used his theory of freedom of speech and religion

Voltaire

The Greatest Northern Renaissance writer who focused on human behavior, using stories of his time to create masterpieces – always avoiding religious themes

William Shakespeare

Greatest motive for European exploration and colonization

Gold

Leading nations during age of exploration

Great Britain, France, Portugal and Spain

Economic theory that developed during age of exploration or Great Global Convergence

Mercantilism

Leader of exploration of Portugal, made maps, ran schools of navigation and built better boats

Prince Henry the Navigator

Competition for overseas markets, colonies and resources

Commercial Revolution

Nations measured their wealth by the amount of this they possessed

Amount of Gold they possessed

Favorable balance of trade is ???

A nation exports more than it imports

Under mercantilism colonies exist for this

To benefit the Mother Country

Economic system driven by competition and privately owned businesses

Capitalism

Most slave forts were located here

West Coast of Africa

Leg of triangular trade where slaves were imported to the Americas

Middle Passage

Benefits brought by the Industrial Revolution

Factories produced more goods, middle class is created, rise of the middle class and standard of living, improvements in technology

Negative impact of Industrial Revolution

Pollution, poor working conditions, child labor, rise of tenements, craftsmen put out of work

Why did Industrial Revolution begin in Great Britain

Stable government, leading colonial power, deposits of iron and coal

Social changes brought on by the Industrial Revolution

Rapid population growth, people moving to cities, rise of the middle class, rise of socialism, formation of organized labor/unions

Catalyst that fueled European imperialism

Industrial Revolution

This broke down complex jobs into simple tasks in the production of products during the Industrial Revolution

Assembly line

This workforce of the Industrial Revolution provided cheap labor and could perform tasks others could not

Children

This invention provided power for factories and locomotives

Steam Engine

Economic system tht supports government programs such as education and health care and allows people to participate and own businesses equall

Socialism

The rush by Europeans to claim lands on the African Continent

Scramble for Africa

Europeans justified taking African lands as it was their duty to civilize the races and improve the human species – this was ________________________

Social Darwinism

European nations that controlled the most African territory after the Berlin Conference

Britain and France

He wrote the Communist Manifesto

Karl Marx

Purpose of the Berlin Conference

Europeans Nations divided African lands amongst themselves

Jewel of the British Crown

India

The Two fronts Germany faced for much of WWI

One front facing Russia the other facing France

Glorifying the armed forces

Militarism

Fascists believed people existed for this

To first and always serve the government at all costs

Japan invaded here as they did not have natural resources of their own

China

The U.S. enters WWII after this

Bombing of Pearl Harbor

The Allied Powers

Great Britain, Russia, France and the U.S.

The Axis Powers

Germany, Italy, Japan

Last Leader of the Soviet Union

Mikhail Gorbachev

Theory that if one nation falls to communism others in the same area will also

Domino Theory

U.S. Policy after WWII to stop spread of Communism

Containment

This kept East Berliners from fleeing to West Berliln

Berlin Wall

Leader of India’s Independence Movement

Mahatma Gandhi

Gandhi used this “weapon” to bring about India’s Independence

Civil Disobedience

Most African nations gained their independence during this time period

1960’s

President of the U.S. during the Bay of Pigs and the Cuba Missile Crisis

John F. Kennedy