GREAT LAKES OF LOMBARDY Navigation NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT & INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Politecnico di Milano Sede di Como Instructor Prof. David E. Rosenberg Teaching Assistant Andrea Cominola Prepared by Ahmed Elwaleed Semih Tastekin Stefan Velkovski 04.06.2015 Como, Italy

GREAT LAKES OF LOMBARDY Subject: Navigation Stakeholder: Boat company: Gestione Navigazione Laghi – Lombardy, Italy Considered Area: Como Lake Maggiore Lake Piazza Cavour Sesto Calende

Motivation of Study Learning the relationship between water levels and navigation in Great Lakes of Lombardy. Defining the performance indicator (reliability) of navigation activities with respect to lake levels. Increasing the reliability of navigation by regulating the lake levels with minimum harm to other stakeholders by different scenarios.

Problems Como 2014 Como 2002 Como 2014 1) High Level (Flood Case) - Debris - Loss of Land Connection Como 2014 Como 2002 Como 2014

Problems Maggiore 2008 Maggiore 2008 2) Low Level - Crash possibility at docking - Obstacles at below Maggiore 2008 Maggiore 2008

The Model The elements used in WEAP Model Reservoirs, Minimum requirement flows, Rivers

The Data Used from WEAP model. - Storage Volumes (m3) - Release (Outflow) Water Volumes (m3) - Storage Elevation Levels (m)

Thresholds Como Lake Maximum level threshold: 198.67 m. Minimum level threshold: 196.87 m. Maggiore Lake Maximum level threshold: 195.50 m. Minimum level threshold: 192.90 m.

Performance Indicators Reliability 1) Reliability of Navigation with respect to high lake level. 2) Reliability of Navigation with respect to low lake level.

Performance Indicators 1) Reliability of Navigation with respect to low lake level.    𝑅 % = 𝑁 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑊𝑒≥𝑇𝑚 𝑁 x 100 (1) N – Total number of days We  – Water elevation at any time Tm   – Threshold of min water level for navigation

Performance Indicators 2) Reliability of Navigation with respect to high lake level.    𝑅 % = 𝑁 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑊𝑒≤𝑇𝑓 𝑁 x 100 (2) N – Total number of days We  – Water elevation at any time Tf  – Threshold of flood

no_flood = (available_water <= volume_flood) volume_flood = (207.51*(h_flood RefL) + ½ * 4.65 * (h_flood - RefL)^2 + 1/3 * 0.13 * (h_flood - RefL)^3 ) * 10^6 + volume of water on the RefL available_water = StorageVolume + ReleaseVolume no_flood = (available_water <= volume_flood)

Water Elevation Changes Throughout time steps

Scenarios 1) Base Scenario 2) Second Scenario 3) Third Scenario Increasing the minimum requirement flow in Adda River (downstream Como reservoir) from 5 m3/sec to 9,2 m3/sec. Decreasing the minimum requirement flow in Ticino River (downstream Maggiore reservoir) from 13 m3/sec to 10 m3/sec. 3) Third Scenario Reducing the minimum water level for available navigation by Using proper size of boats and ferries.

RESULTS – Base Scenario  Stakeholders  Reliability (%)   Navigation   Como  Low Level 100.00  Flood Level 98.43  Maggiore  Low Level 99.80 83.00  Environment  Min Environmental Flow Adda 30,34  Min Environmental Flow Ticino  Regina Elena Hydropower Plant 53.60  Irrigation  Adda 66.96  Industriale 94.60  Regina Elena 55.05  Villoresi 84.49

RESULTS – 2nd Scenario Stakeholders Reliability (%) Navigation Como  Low Level 100.00  Flood 98.44  Maggiore   Maggiore Low Level 99.81  Environment  Min Environmental Flow Adda 99.78  Min Environmental Flow Ticino 99.1  Regina Elena Hydropower Plant 53.78  Irrigation   Adda 67.17  Industriale 94.81  Regina Elena 55.18  Villoresi 84.68

TRADE-OFF EVALUATION DiscoveryDV (DecisionVis LLC, 2014)

TRADE-OFF EVALUATION 2nd scenario Base scenario DiscoveryDV (DecisionVis LLC, 2014) 2nd scenario Base scenario

RESULTS – 3rd Scenario Shifting up the minimum level threshold for navigation in Maggiore Lake. It is not a physical modification, it is a modification in application by using different size of boats by the stakeholder. The reliability of navigation with respect to low level goes up to 100% from 83%. No effect on other stakeholders.

CONCLUSIONS - 2nd scenario is the best alternative to apply, as we increase our reliability for Maggiore Lake and as well as the reliabilities of other stakeholders, apart from only 0.9% drop for Environment group in Ticini River. - Another alternative might be using different type of boats according to level differences by the stakeholder in order to keep navigations.

Thanks for your attention For further information and references you can visit the Wikipage; https://beep.metid.polimi.it/web/102665915/wiki/-/wiki/Grandi+Laghi+Lombardi/Grandi+Laghi+Lombardi+-+NAVIGATION?&#p_36