Tsunami Disaster Mitigation System in Japan Powered by: Futurenotez.com

Tsunami Disaster Mitigation System in Japan Bitter Tsunami Experienced Tsunami Warning and Mitigation System Outline of Disaster Management System New Challenges against Tsunamis Today I would like to speak about a brief outline of Japan’s Disaster Management System as a whole in order to help you understand the following presentations on the detailed tsunami disaster reduction activities in Japan. 1

Historical Damaging Tsunamis along Japanese Coast (in last 150 years) Name (Magnitude) Year Dead or Missing Meiji Earthquake and Tsunami (M8.5) 1896 22,000 Showa Earthquake and Tsunami (M8.1) 1933 3,064 Tonankai Earthquake (M7.9) 1944 1,251 Nankai Earthquake (M8.0) 1946 1,443 Chile Earthquake (Mw9.5) 1960 142 Tokachin Earthquake (M7.9) 1968 52 Nihonkai Earthquake (M7.7) 1983 104 Hokkaido Earthquake (M7.8) 1993 230 1) The number includes dead or missing from earthquakes. 2) Tsunami generated at far off Japanese coast. 8

Tsunami Warning System Elements Communication & Transmission of Tsunami Warning to Localities & Civil Defense Authorities Signboard Tsunami TSUNAMI ＷＡＲＮＩＮＧ Local government Central Government TSUNAMI ＷＡＲＮＩＮＧ Radio TSUNAMI ＷＡＲＮＩＮＧ ＴＶ/Radio Station TV（Telops, Warning maps） 13

+ Promoting Basic Knowledge about “TSUNAMI” Disaster = Early Warning Safe Evacuation Route Early Warning = Understanding of Hazardous Areas Appropriate Risk Awareness of Local Communities Safe Evacuation 16

Tsunami Evacuation Route Sign 1 18

Pictogram on Tsunami Safe place/hill for evacuation against Tsunami. Tsunami Hazard Area Tsunami Evacuation Area Tsunami Evacuation Building Safe place/hill for evacuation against Tsunami. Building for evacuation against Tsunami. There is a high possibility to be flooded in this area when earthquake occurs. 21

Sign of Previous Tsunami Height (2) Inundated level of previous Tsunami 23

Tsunami Evacuation Map 24

Tsunami countermeasures taken by local municipalities and communities (1) Group session on evacuation plan (Urado-District) Evacuation drill on Tsunami (Taro Town) 25

Tsunami countermeasures taken by local municipalities and communities (2) Training for supplying food (Yawatahama-city, Ehime Pref.) Check of the dangerous points (Nansei-Town, Mie Pref.) 26

Tsunami countermeasures taken by local municipalities and communities (3) Drill for disaster management with maps (Hyga-city, Oita Pref.) Meeting on the disaster map (Bungo-Takada-city, Oita Pref.) 27

Tsunami Hazard Maps Purpose Identifying and showing vulnerable areas - Enhancing people’s awareness ・Showing information on disaster risks and evacuation routes, etc. ・Letting residents in coastal areas and visitors know the hazard map through various opportunities ・Tsunami drills This is an example of tsunami hazard map and such issue will be explained later by our colleagues. So I would like to stop here. Thank you for your attention. Tsunami Hazard Map（Susaki City） National Government prepared a guideline for help local authorities to make and use hazard maps. 28

4. New challenges against Tsunamis Lastly, I would like to introduce a bit about our new challenges against tsunamis. 47

Japan and its major seacoasts Chishima Trench Japan Trench Suruga Trough 200 km 400 km 600 km 800 km 1,000 km Nankai Trough Seismic areas for reinforcing and promoting disaster reduction measures related to the Tokai, Tonankai and Nankai Earthquakes District (undesignated) for promoting seismic disaster reduction measures related to earthquakes along the Japan Trench and the Chishima Trench 48

Possible large-scale earthquakes and tsunamis in Japan Tokyo Inland EQ Tokai EQ Tonankai & Nankai EQ Japan Trench & Chishima Trench EQs I could say that we have been successful to some extent to reduce damage mainly from meteorological disasters like typhoons. However, we are not be able to forecast earthquakes and other sudden on-set disasters in most cases so that they could cause severe damage in particular when they hit densely populated areas as we witnessed in the Kobe EQ. It is also fact that there are wide areas spreading in Japan and off the coast with possible large-scale earthquake sources as shown in this map. 49

Tonankai Nankai EQ Tokai EQ Kobe EQ 1995 Estimation of damage caused by possible EQs (by technical investigation committees of Central Disaster Management Council) Tonankai Nankai EQ Tokai EQ Kobe EQ 1995 (Maximum cases) 9,200 (7,900 by strong tremors) 18,000 (8,600 by tsunamis) Victims (persons) 6,436 Houses destroyed 260,000 360,000 105,000 Taking the above into consideration, Government did estimate possible damage caused by the next Tokai EQ as well as Tonankai & Nankai EQ by technical investigation committees of Central Disaster Management Council. This table shows the outcomes. As for tsunami, 8,600 persons can be estimated to be killed if Tonankai & Nankai EQ occurs. Economic loss (billion yen) 37,000 57,000 10,000 51

Earthquake Disaster Risk Reduction Strategy (formulated by Central Disaster Management Council on 30 March 2005) Setting an overarching goal for disaster risk reduction in the next decade To halve the estimated death toll and economic loss Tokai EQ Death toll : 9,200 persons → 4,500 Economic Loss : 37 trillion yen → 19 trillion yen ☆Strategic goal (ex.) 　- Increase the ratio of retrofitted houses : 75% (2003) → 90% (2015) To this end, we have recently formulated a new policy, Earthquake Disaster Risk Reduction Strategy which was determined by Central Disaster Management Council last March . Its important feature was to set up an numerical goal for addressing possible mega EQs, namely, to halve the estimated death toll and economic loss in the next ten years. For example, we intend to reduce the possible death toll of estimated 17,800 persons in case of Tonankai & Nankai EQ to 9,100 persons. In order to accomplish this goal, the Strategy identifies prioritized actions to be taken with specific targets. Tonankai & Nankai EQ Death toll : 17,800 (8,600 by tsunamis) → 9,100 Economic Loss : 57 trillion yen → 31 trillion yen ☆Strategic goal (ex.) 　- Every municipality at risk is expected to develop hazard maps in 2015 54

Communities – last resort Need to build communities resilient to disasters, including through enhancing public awareness and developing hazard mapping How the affected people were rescued in case of Great Hanshin-Awaji EQ? approx. 35,000 persons Police, Firefighting, Self-defense Force 23% 77% Lastly, I would like to put highlight on the importance to build communities resilience to disasters. This shows that 80 % of rescued persons in case of the Kobe EQ were helped by their families and neighbours, but not by public operations. This implies that the largest power to save lives will be communities’ resilience to disasters although national and local authorities shall reinforce their disaster reduction efforts. In this regard, the new Strategy seeks in particular community-based efforts in reducing vulnerabilities including through promoting hazard mapping. Families Neighbors 55

THANK YOU 56