Chapter 12: South Asia

Learning Objectives Explain the linkages and tensions between ethnicity, religion and 20th century geopolitics. Examine the impacts of sustained population growth on South Asia’s economic, social and natural environments. Compare and contrast economic and social development across the region. Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Key Concepts Subcontinent Cyclones Chipko Movement Monsoon Orographic Rainfall Green Revolution Salinization Bustees Forward Capital Hindu Nationalism Sanskrit Caste System Mughal Empire Dalits Jainism Dravidian Hindi Linguistic Nationalism British East India Company Indian Diaspora Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Setting the Boundaries 2nd most populous region in the world Distinct landmass separated from the rest of the Eurasian continent: Subcontinent India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, Sri Lanka and the Maldives Regional unity: Shared history Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

South Asia Figure 12.1 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Environmental Issues - Overview Diverse Environments, Diverse Problems Figure 12.3 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Environmental Issues (cont’d) Figure 12.4 Cyclones Deforestation and Forest Resources Chipka Movement Wildlife: Extinction and Protection Interaction between humans and animals Figure 12.5 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Physical Setting Figure 12.2 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Physical Subregions Northern Mountains Figure 12.6 Northern Mountains Indus-Ganges-Brahmaputra Lowlands Peninsular India Southern Islands Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Climate What two processes account for high rainfall in the Western Ghats? Monsoon and Orographic Rainfall Figure 12.8 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

South Asian Monsoon Figure 12.7 -Dry and wet monsoons Seasonal wind changes Pressure differences Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Population and Settlement What serves as a “limiting factor” to population distribution in South Asia? Figure 12.11 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Demographic Indicators Population Momentum Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Demographic Issues Rapid population growth Family planning Figure 12.2.1 Rapid population growth Family planning Approaches to and acceptance of the process differs across the region Figure 12.10 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Migration and Settlement Landscapes Figure 12.12 Rural-to-urban migration Changes in agriculture Predominantly rural Zones of out-migration Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Agricultural Regions Subsistence crops Other products Livestock Figure 12.13 – Rice cultivation Subsistence crops Rice Wheat Millet Other products Oil seeds, coconut groves, spice gardens, tea plantations Livestock Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

The Green Revolution 1960s: Agricultural research stations Figure 12.14 1960s: Agricultural research stations High yield crop varieties Move toward food self-sufficiency Environmental and social problems Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Urban South Asia Figure 12.16- Figure 12.15- Dhaka Mumbai Figure 12.17-Karachi Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Urban South Asia —Mumbai Figure 12.3.1 Figure 12.3.2 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Cultural Coherence and Diversity Early unity: Hinduism Islam Added dimension to cultural landscape British colonialism Since 1980s Growing Hindu nationalism Reaction to secular Indian state Figure 12.18 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Early South Asian Civilizations Coexistence of Hinduism and Islam Figure 12.20 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

The Caste System Complex Hindu social order Hierarchically structured “Social pollution” State of flux Figure 12.20 – Hindu Temple Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Contemporary Religious Diversity Figure 12.21 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Linguistic Diversity - Dravidian: unique to South Asia - Linguistic nationalism Figure 12.23 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Geopolitical Framework Figure 12.28 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Geopolitical Change in South Asia Figure 12.28 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

The British Partition (1947) Figure 12.28 India and East and West Pakistan Hindu and Muslim majorities, respectively Millions displaced as a result of the Partition East Pakistan (1971) Bangladesh Figure 12.29 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Ethnic Conflict in Kashmir Figure 12.33 Figure 12.30 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Ethnic Conflict (cont’d) Figure 12.32 – Sri Lanka Figure 12.31 – Sikh Temple (Punjab) Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Economic Development Region of striking contrasts Figure 12.35 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Economic Differentiation Figure 12.34 Figure 12.37 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Global Linkages Figure 12.39 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Social Development Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Status of Women Figure 12.40 - Kerala Figure 12.36 – Grameen Bank Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff