Aim: What does it mean to be Muslim or Sikh? Do Now: What do you know about Islam or Sikhism? What would you like to know?

I How did Islam begin? A) Muhammad, a merchant (trader/businessman) as born 570 CE in Saudi Arabia. B) Most people who lived in Arabia (Arabs) were polytheistic nomads. However, Muhammad would have come into contact with Jews and Christians. ARABIA

How Did Islam Begin? Continued… C) At 40 years old, Angel Gabriel told Muhammad he was to be God’s final Prophet (messenger). D) Muhammad was forced out of Mecca (for fear he would overthrow the authorities), and went to Medina. This journey was called the Hijrah “migration”. He gained an army of followers. E) Muhammad returned to Mecca with his army in 630 CE. He successfully took the city, which became a holy place for followers of his new religion, Islam. F) Muhammad died in 632 CE. According to the Hadith (a collection of Islamic oral tradition), he flew to Jerusalem on a winged horse, and rose to heaven.

II Beliefs of Islam THE 5 PILLARS OF ISLAM There is only one God, Allah. Islam means “Submission to the will of God”. Followers of Islam are called Muslims. All Muslims believe in the 5 Pillars of Islam : THE 5 PILLARS OF ISLAM There is only one God, Allah. Muhammad was his prophet. Prayer five times per day. Give to charity. Fast during the holy month of Ramadan from dawn until dusk . Make a hajj (a pilgrimage to Mecca) at least once if you are able to go.

Al Haram Mosque in Mecca During Hajj Season

Hajj: the 5th Pillar of Islam Muslim pilgrims (religious travelers on their Hajj) must circle the Kaaba stone, which is enclosed in a cube-like building in Mecca.

Hajj: the 5th Pillar of Islam As part of the Hajj ritual, Muslims must throw stones to cast out the Devil.

Beliefs of Islam Continued… C) Muslims believe that Muhammad is the final prophet (messenger) of Allah. D) Like Christians, Muslims believe in a final day of judgment, and heaven and hell.

III Muslim Sacred Texts The holiest book of Islam is the Koran (Qur’an). The Hadith was written after the death of Muhammad. It is a collection of Islamic oral tradition. Both the Koran and Hadith were written in Arabic. The Jewish Bible and the New Testament are respected, but Muslims believe the Koran is the accurate and final word of God.

IV Muslim Sacred Places A) Mecca is the most sacred city in Islam. B) The Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem is a mosque that was built on the spot where Muhammad is believed to have risen to heaven. The Dome of the Rock is built on the Temple Mount, where the former Jewish Temple stood. How do you think this has affected the relationship between Jews and Muslims?

A minaret; where the muezzin calls Muslims to prayer. V Muslim Practices The Muslim place of worship is the mosque. However, 5 times a day, Muslims will stop what they are doing, and unroll a prayer rug. During prayer, you must remove your shoes. Inside a mosque, men and women are separated. Like synagogues, there are no images of people. Prayer is led by an imam. Muezzins call Muslims to prayer. A minaret; where the muezzin calls Muslims to prayer.

Muslim Practices Continued… D) Many Muslim women veil (cover their head). However, the practice of veiling is due more to culture than religion. Women in Saudi Arabia recently won the right to vote. However, they are still not allowed to drive. Restaurants are segregated into sections for single men, and families. Turkey is mostly a Muslim country, but the government is not a theocracy. Notice that not all of the women are covering their hair.

An Eid celebration in Peshwar, Pakistan IV Muslim Holidays Muslims must fast from dawn to dusk for the holy month of Ramadan (the 4th Pillar of Islam). B) Eid is a 3 day celebration at the end of Ramadan. Presents and charity are given. An Eid celebration in Peshwar, Pakistan

V A Split in Islam

A Gurdwara and the interior VI Sikhism Origins Sacred Texts Sacred Places 16th century India, founded by Guru Nanak Dev (a Hindu) and 9 subsequent gurus Guru Granth Sahib Worship at a gurdwara. Remove shoes. A Gurdwara and the interior

Sikhism Continued… Beliefs Practices Holidays Men and women, as well as people of all faiths are equal under ONE god The 5 Ks are five items of faith that some Sikhs wear to command of the tenth Sikh Guru. They are Kesh (uncut hair), Kanga (wooden comb), Kacha (specially-designed underwear), Kara (iron bracelet), and Kirpan (strapped sword). Guru Gobind Singh's Birthday (the 10th guru) Jan 5th Sikhism is spiritually more similar to Islam, but culturally more similar to Hinduism and Indian culture.

Sikh Golden Temple, Amritsar India

Sikhism Symbol: Khanda

Key Vocabulary: Islam 5 Pillars of Islam Mecca Angel Gabriel Medina Arabic Minaret Dome of the Rock Mosque Eid Muezzin Haddith Muhammad Hajj Muslims Hijra Ramadan Imam Veiling Islam Jerusalem Kaaba Stone Koran

Key Vocabulary: Sikhism 5 Ks Guru Granth Sahib Gurdwara Guru Nanak Dev Khanda Sikhism