Collaboration network for the management of migratory rice planthoppers and associated virus diseases of rice in Asia (IPM) Ho Van Chien, Le Quoc Cuong & Le Thi Dieu Xuan Southern Regional Plant Protection Center Viet Nam

Introduction - Rice production in the Mekong River Delta (MRD), south of Vietnam is important to the food supply in the country and national economy. - A total of 13 provinces constitute the MRD, popularly known as the "Rice Bowl" of Vietnam, which contain some 17 million people and 80% of them are engaged in rice cultivation. - The MRD produced bountiful harvest of about 20 and 22 million tons in 2008 and 2015, respectively.

Introduction (cont.) - In the South of Vietnam, BPH has been the major pest in rice and its carried viruses-transmitted to rice plant. -This pest can migrate between locations, regional, countries by wind direction or typhoon. - Overuse of insecticide to BPH control cause of the outbreaks.

Area infected by BPH and virus diseases in Southern Vietnam between 1997 and 2016

The peak occurrence time in rice viruses INFECTED AREA (1,000ha) OF RGSV DISEASE IN 2006-2013

Rice ragged stunt virus (RRSV), rice grassy stunt virus (RGSV) & yellowing syndrome(RRSV+RGSV), three known rice diseases vectored by BPH that cause hopper burn were observed to be prevalent in the rice field practices, farmers are using direct-seeded method in South Vietnam.

Pesticide situation in Vietnam - 2006 the BPH outbreak in large area and rice virus diseases occured and the volume of pesticide imported to Vietnam increased every year until 2008. -The restriction & banning of highly toxic pesticides: carbofuran, endosulfan, methamidophos, monocrotophos, methyl parathion, phosphamidon since 1994 has reduced pesticide impacts on the environment & community health. - 2016, in agriculture of Vietnam there were 3.669 trade name of pesticides with 1,710 active ingredients (a.i.): 1,678 trade names of insecticides (775a.i), 1,297 fungicides (608a.i.), 694 herbicides (227a.i.) & others (rodenticides, mollusscicides…, plant growth regulation “PGR”, 50a.i., 142 trade names) .

Project result summary

Since 2013 to 2016 the last phase of the project and now from 2016-2019 next phase of the project “Collaboration network for the management of migratory rice planthoppers and associated virus diseases of rice in Asia” “AFACI” Korea. The project will do the same activities: Description on monitoring sites including GPS information, light trap and sticky trap monitoring data on rice plant hoppers & viruses, “AMIVS” data input status, farmer training in order to increase knowledge and skill of farmers. Besides, field vegetables surveying on virus diseases.

Methods Study sites & monitoring methods: Selected three study sites in two ecosystems (carry out 3 rice cropping seasons and avoid flooding time, another one two rice cropping seasons and no enough water for irrigation of one crop).

Three sites in Tien Giang province Cho Gao district (L1): - GPS light trap: N: 10:28:302, E: 106:23:738 Go Cong Tay district (L2): - GPS light trap: N: 10:23:780, E: 106:34:759 Cai Lay district (L3): - GPS light trap: N: 10:27:618, E: 106:01:761

Rice cultivation pattern & rice varieties Rice production growth has been attributed to two factors: (1) yield increases and (2) increase cropping intensity with two or three main cropping seasons per year. Total rice varieties in the cultural practices are growing more than 120 varieties. Most of farmers using direct seeded method.

Field survey timing: using yellow sticky papers to survey rice plant hoppers and natural enemies weekly, 10 times/crop, the first time at 10 days after sowing. Light trap: Number of Rice planthoppers counting daily. Collection: Specimens of BPH and rice plants with virus typical symptoms.

Field survey and Identify-count in lab.

Field demo. @ Light trap

Research results of “AFACI” project

Light trap (from 2015 to 2016) Cho Gao district (L1) BPH into light trap (BPH/trap/day) (BPH peak of each month) in Cho Gao (L1)

Light trap (from 2015 to 2016) Go Cong Tay district (L2) BPH into light trap (BPH/trap/day) (BPH peak of each month) in Cho Gao (L1)

Light trap (from 2015 to 2016) Cai Lay district (L3) BPH into light trap (BPH/trap/day) (BPH peak of each month) in Cho Gao (L1)

Results of field survey: (in: demo. field; out: control field)

AMIVS data input For the “AMIVS” data input is OK !

Project Outcomes 2015 - 2016 Conducted Farmer training in every season with total farmers are more than 184 households. Broadcasting Agriculture weather on Vinh Long Television. How to control pest on rice and the other plant. - Remarkable reduction is noted in the frequency of insecticide use from an average of 4-5 times drop down to zero or 1 time in rice cropping season.

Research Highlights - The light trap catches high BPH densities during rice cropping seasons. - Rice fields were able to successfully ‘escape’ the BPH damage despite high counts recorded in light traps; There was careful monitoring resulting to better management of the fields and consequently reduction and at times absence of insecticide use; Farmers showed positive response and enthusiasm with their own results.

Research Highlights (cont.) - Synchronous planting to escape BPH contamination is still applied the rice cropping seasons continuously - The most of rice seasons, the natural enemies population were high in demonstration sites and rice plant hoppers were low populations. These cases were opposite of farmer fields (control sites).

Collaboration between the project and others BPH control programs - “Three Reductions – Three Gains” - “BPH escape strategy” - “Bio-pesticide cotrol using useful fungi Metarhizium anisopliae.” - “Natural biological control using Ecological Engineering” - “GIS Map-Info – PPDMS for BPH migration”

Plant hopper or virus sample collection and delivery 1. BPH samples: L1 (2015-2016): 10 samples. L2 (2015-2016): 10 samples. L3 (2015-2016): 13 samples Total: 33 samples. 2. Yellow sticky: L1: 652 samples. L2: 652 samples. L3: 610 samples. Total: 1,914 samples. 3. Chili samples: L1 (Binh Ninh village): 6 samples Total: 6 samples. Grand total: 1,953 samples.

Discussion - Area infected by BPH and virus diseases in 2016 is lower than 2015 . - In the year, there are 3 peaks of BPH: First peak in March, second in July and third peak in November. - The project carried out at three locations Cho Gao (L1), Go Cong Tay (L2) and Cai Lay (L3) districts, through 3 crop seasons showed: BPH, GLH, WBPH in the demonstration fields are very low densities. Meanwhile natural enemies species (spider, plant bug) are always higher than the farmer practices (control fields).

Suggestions for project development - Yellow stickies for field survey are not enough. - BPH and leaf samples deep in alcohol with along time the speciement will be change their color, sometimes they are spoiled. - On the web site of project “AMIVS” with light traps data of BPH between countries should be added distribution map of BPH in order to understand easier. - In South Viet Nam there are 3 study sites and total more than 7 rice crops. Thus, loss more technician labors to survey in the rice fields need to be cost increasing.

THANK YOU VERY MUCH!!!