BHUCHITRA A Land Management Software solution, Map digitization & integration with text ROR data [AS IMPLEMENTED IN WEST BENGAL] P.K.PRAMANIK Senior Technical Director National Informatics Centre Government of India

Organisation of presentation Brief on rich tradition of cadastral mapping in West Bengal (slides: Generation of services integrating RoR database with its map component (slides) Challenges met : and ensuing one (Digitisation of paper based maps) Integration of spatial & non spatial ROR data

Land Records in West Bengal West Bengal is one of the states in the Eastern India, where land records were prepared as per Permanent Settlement Regulation, invoked by the British East India Company in 1793.

Cadastral mapping & Land Records First series of cadastral maps & land records covering the State, prepared during the District Survey & Settlement Operations of 1888 - 1940 Revisional Settlement Operation conducted during 1954 - 1962, where District Settlement maps and records were revised and updated. Maps are prepared first & then the land record

Existing cadastral maps in West Bengal Mauza wise map sheets containing 1000/1200 plots 66,348 map sheets in the scale 1:3960 (mostly), in even bigger scale 1:1980 or 1:990 Covers all the 42042 Mouzas of the State Updation of RS maps and records started since 1972 nearing completion.

Computerization of Land Records & maps Started in West Bengal from 1986-’87 by NIC, West Bengal First version of the Land Records computerization software, named BHUMI developed in 1989 Ten (10) upgraded versions of BHUMI BHUCHITA without map correction facility (developed in 2006)

Status- Computerization of Land Records & map digitisation All the 36.7 million RoR records are digitally available. Digital RoR maintained at 341 Blocks Total Volume of Data : 37 GB (approx) BHUCHITRA (map enabled) implemented at one Block in 2006 Now, BHUCHITRA is under roll out program of the State

Computerised service generated Certified Copies of RoR Plot information Plot map (pilot basis) Digital data to other Government Department

On-line Mutation & Data Updation Any change in the database due to transfer of Title, change in the land use pattern, acquisition of land is done on line.  On-line mutation helps citizens in getting instant response.

Sharing of data with other departments CLR data base being shared with other applications such as Registration, Land Acquisition, Irrigation, among others. Integration of Registration (CORD) with BHUMI successfully tested as a Pilot

BHUCHITRA Integrated Map with ROR

BHUCHITRA Village/ Mouza Based Information Map enabled query/MIS report shows query results shown on the map itself. Cadastral Mouza Map based information includes displaying a mouza map, showing plots owned by a raiyat, coloring plots with specific land class, area, possession , owner

Citizen Services Acceptance of Citizens requests Status of request enquiry Services Certified Copy of ROR, Plot Information Hal-Sabek plot information copy ROR with maps of one’s plots showing dimensions along with neighboring plots

On-line Updation of Land Records Mutations Conversion of land Barga Enrollment Enrollment of Homestead Beneficiary Vesting Di-vesting Pattadar enrollment and Warish enrollment

Mouza map information can be available from the main menu of the BHUCHITRA

Interface to select a particular Mouza for which information is required

On selection a mouza map is displayed On selection a mouza map is displayed. The map can be zoomed in or out by pressing buttons

The zoomed out view

On clicking a particular plot within the map plot details are displayed with a different color mark along with owner(s) details

In the ROR information option any plot number can be searched within the map in enlarged view and adjacent plots will be shown.

Interface to accept map request from citizen

Map information details with relevant court fee is displayed along with normal ROR copy.

Plot maps with table of measurements for a khatian is shown and be printed use Laser printer for delivery to citizen.

The plots with a specific range of area (in acre) can be displayed with a different color mark.

The plots of a specific land classification can be viewed in the map The plots of a specific land classification can be viewed in the map. Different land classifications can be viewed in the mouza using different color legends.

Different types of Possessor existing in the plots can be viewed using different color legends on selection of the type of possessor.

Alphabetically sorted Owner names will be available with the Khatian number in a window. If a particular khatian is selected the plots he or she owns can be viewed within the mouza map.

The vested plots can be shown within the mouza map with different color legends for different land classification of plots.

In the ‘Chart’ option, distribution of land ownership among the raiyats against area (in acre) is available within the map.

Digitization process of paper based cadastral maps and integration of textual and spatial land records data

RASTER VIS VECTOR Maps Raster Data: Raster data is an abstraction of the real world where spatial data is expressed as a matrix of cells or pixels. Eg. Scanned Maps. Vector Data: Vector data is an abstraction of the real world where positional data is represented in the form of coordinates. In vector data, the basic units of spatial information are points, lines and polygons. Eg. Shape Files.

Digitization Digitization is a process by which we convert Raster Image to a Vector Map.

A Digitized GIS Ready Map – Line Work

Components of a GIS ready Map. A Map is represented in different Layers, in a GIS ready map. All spatial and non spatial features are represented in different layers.

The most common representation of a map is using vector data, that is consist of points, line and polygons. Point Each point is stored by its location (X, Y) together with the table attribute of this point. For example, 4 points below has their coordinate location in (X, Y) and each point has attributes of deep and amount of water contamination. Representation of Map

Line Each line is stored by the sequence of first and last point together with the associated table attribute of this line. For example, three lines below (a, b and c) have their first and last node to distinguish their location and each line has attributes of flow and capacity of the sewerage pipe. Notice that each node has coordinate (X, Y) that is stored in another table.

Polygon Polygon is represented by a closed sequence of lines. Unlike line or poly-line (sequence of line), polygon always closed. That is, the first point is equal to the last point. A polygon can be represented by a sequence of nodes where the last node is equal to the first node. For example, polygon A below has its first and last node in node number 1 to settle its location. Aside from location attributes, the polygon has associated attributes of area and bacterial population. Notice that each node has coordinate (X, Y) that is stored in another table.

Map Digitization Process Scanning the paper map Vectorization of scanned Map from RASTER format. Building the layers for the Complete map for different map and non map features. Converting each layer to GIS ready map format. (SHAPE file format). Checking of HARD Copy of the line work submitted by the Vendors with the Original Map. Checking of SOFT COPY of the map with the specifications. Composing the Map and checking the final plotted map from the soft copy with the original map. Generation of Services from vectorised Maps.

Steps Step-1: Digitization of Cadastral maps Step-2: Error Checking of Cadastral Maps Step-3: Composition of Cadastral Maps Step-4: GIS of Cadastral Maps Prepared By NIC-WBSC

Description Job-1: Digitization of Cadastral Maps Prepared By NIC-WBSC

Role of Vectorisation Agency Scanning the map Sheets Digitize the sheets in various layers (area, line & point) Attaching respective plot number to each polygon (vectorised plots) Provides digitized data in *.shp format (all layers) Provides non-map features in different *.gif formats (images) Provides one hardcopy for one – to- one matching with the original

Responsibility of the Directorate Stringent checking of work of the agency to detect errors for its necessary correction COMPOSITION OF a MAP sheet in its final form from all the files (more or less 36 in all) delivered by the agency Printing of final map on A0/A1 size paper for final verification

SCANNING OF MAP sheets SCANNING ERRORS SCANNING ERROR MAY COME FROM POOR PAPER QUALITY FOLDING OF MAPS VARIABLE THICKNESS OF PAPERS DUST ABSORBED IN PAPER

AVOIDING SCANNING ERROR To Avoid the Scanning error following Pre-processing of Maps is a Must Dust Should Be Cleaned From The Map All Maps Should Be Kept In A Flat Position With A Pressure On It, So That Error Should Not Come Due To Folding Of Maps As Per Variable Thickness Of Papers, Maps may be sorted in different Categories And Accordingly Scanner Roller may be adjusted suitably for each catagories.

AVOIDING SCANNING ERROR To Avoid The Scanning Error ……….. Map Should Be Scanned In A Calibrated Scanner The Scanning Should Be At Least In 300 Dpi Mode A Good Practice To Take A Raster Printing Before Digitizing It, but one should think about the cost

DIGITIZATION of Line Works Any Raster To Vector Conversion Software Like Auto Cad Overlay, R2v Etc May Be Used Maps Can Be Digitized Using Automatic Or Semi-automatic Or Manual Mode During Digitization Raster Should Be Zoomed And The Line Width During Digitization Should Be At Least Six Times Of The Original

DIGITIZATION of LINE WORKS Digitize The Line In Such A Way That Each Plot Should Form A Closed Polygon. In That Way It Will Generate The Area Of The Plot It Will Be A Good Practice If We Set The Map In 1:1 Scale And Digitize It In Manual Mode

ERROR DETECTION PROCEDURE Soft Copy Checking : Using individual plot area checking by a customised software developed by NIC Hard Copy Checking : By taking a print copy from Plotter calibrated properly and its one to one matching with the original One

Error Checking Procedure Using NIC Developed Software Compare the digitized mouza area with the Total area recorded in the JL of that mouza with the tolerance of 0.50% up to area of 500 acres and 0.25% for areas above 500 acres. Compare each digitize plot area with the data recorded in Land Records (tf5.dbf) with the tolerance as per provision laid down in the technical manual of survey.

Total Area Matching Here the total digitized area is showing 141.53 Acres where as it is recorded in JL as 141.12 Acres

Each & Every Plot Area Checking Here the RED marking plots are erroneous. The count showing the erroneous plots are 37 in number.

Step-2: CADASTRAL MAP COMPOSITION

COMPLETE PROCESS REQUIRED After Receiving Error Free Digitized Data following Processes are Required COMPOSITION OF MAPS WITH ALL ALAMATS & NON-MAP FEATURES (Using NIC-Developed Software) PLOTTING OF MAPS

COMPOSITION OF MAPS TO COMPOSE A MAP IT NEEDS DIGITIZED PLOT BOUNDARIES INCLUSION OF 92 NON-MAP FEATURES WHEREVER IT WAS IN ORIGINAL MAP INCLUSION OF PLOT NUMBERS INCLUSION OF TEXT IN C-DAC FORMAT INCLUSION OF AUTHENTICATION SEAL, LEGEND, BATTA INFORMATION IN THE FORM OF IMAGE

92 ALAMATHS TO REPRESENT ALL THE NON-MAP FEATURES ON A MAP, DIRECTORATE OF LAND RECORDS & SURVEYS SELECTED 92 SYMBOLS. SOME OF THE SYMBOLS ARE IN-SITU (LIKE BUILDING) AND SOME OF THOSE ARE NOT IN-SITU (LIKE COCONUT TREE, KUCHA BUILDING ETC) TO REPRESENT ALL THE SYMBOLS IN A MAP FURTHER IT NEEDS THE POSITION ,WHICH IS TO BE DIGITIZED

92 ALAMATHS THE DIGITIZATION SHOULD BE IN THE FORM OF LINE (THAT IS FOR RIVER, RAILWAY LINE, ROADS, PONDSIDE ETC) AREA (THAT IS FOR BUILDING WHICH ARE IN-SITU, PAN BOROZE ETC) POINT (THAT IS FOR TRAVERSE STATION, TREE POSITION, TELEGRAPH POST ETC)

INCLUSION OF PLOT NUMBERS TO INCLUDE THE PLOT NUMBER AT EACH PLOT IT NEEDS TO GENERATE THE CENTROID OF EACH PLOT FROM THE AREA LAYER OF THE DIGITIZED DATA. ANY GIS TOOL MAY BE USED FOR THIS INCLUSION. UNICODE FONT MAY BE USED TO GET THE PLOT NUMBERS IN THE FORM OF LOCAL LANGUAGE.

MODEL INTEGRATION OF TEXT & SPATIAL DATA BHUCHITRA software LINE, AREA & POINT LAYER OF PLOT & MOUZA BOUNDARY ROR Database SYMBOL DB SPATIAL DB ALAMAT INFORMATION DB IMAGE DB ROR DATABASE (as existing)

SPATIAL DB NON SPATIAL DB CAN BE USED FOR GIS CAN BE USED FOR REPRESEN- TATION USING NIC DEVELOPED SOFTWARE CAN BE USED FOR MAP COMPOSITI- ON USING NIC-DEVELOPED SOFTWARE

MAP COMPOSITION

Maintaining Quality Control VENDOR NO NO NO OK ? OK ? Alamat Checking OK ? JOB in Queue HARD Copy Checking Soft Copy Checking (*.shp) Yes Yes Stage-III Stage-I Stage-II Yes DEPARTMENT

THANKS