The Age of Exploration World History

What is it? was a period in human history starting in the 15th Century and continuing into the 17th Century, during which Europeans explored the world by ocean searching for trading partners and particular trade goods.

Motives/Causes Increase desire to trade with Asia A desire to find a new route to the riches of Asia (faster) Curiosity about the world inspired by the Crusades and the tales of Marco Polo. Technological Advances made it possible 3 G’s: God, Glory, Gold

Motives 1. Glory: Discovery of Fantastic Lands A. The Travels of John Manderville B. Magical Kingdom of Prester John (Africa) C. Lands of giants and other evil creatures D. Mysterious Christian kingdoms (India) 2. Gold: Economics A. Spices, silks, porcelain from Asia B. New trading areas, direct access to the East

In other words: GOD, GLORY & GOLD Motives, continued 3. God: Religious Zeal A. Crusading mentality 1. Portugal & Spain (Catholic) B. Convert the heathens worldwide C. Spiritual & secular matters closely intertwined In other words: GOD, GLORY & GOLD

Technological Advances Advances in technology such as the astrolabe and the compass made ocean navigation more exact. Better ships Better maps Compass Astrolabe (Measured the latitude using the stars at night)

Explorers

Prince Henry the Navigator Set up a school for sailors Secured financing for expeditions Sent explorers down the coast of Africa

Bartholomeu Dias 1488, Dias reached the southern tip of Africa, latter called the Cape of Good Hope.

Christopher Columbus hoped to find a route to the east (West Indies, Asia) by sailing west. 1492 discovered what would become known as “The New World”.

Effects/Results Economic: Overseas expansion led to increased power and wealth for European powers Destruction of empires and civilizations in the Americas Social change: impact of sugar and spices Exchange of diseases Cultural changes (Christianity spread) Growth of the middle class (Europe) Slave Trade began (Amerindians died of diseases)

Countries Involved South America North America Portugal (began first) Spain England France

Rivalry Portugal and Spain worried the other would claim their lands Line of Demarcation (imaginary line dividing spheres, line ran N & S) Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) East of Line: Portugal West of Line: Spain

Voyages of Exploration Extension

Age of Exploration Assignment You have a selected explorer. On an index card do the following: Front Write their name (written in pen) Print Picture of them Back What country are they from Years they navigated What areas did the navigate, explorer, or discover?

Spanish Empire Conquistadors: Spanish conquerors Hernan Cortes: Aztec Francisco Pizarro: Inca Took lands, controlled people, converted to Christianity, mistreated Natives, changed American culture

Encomienda Established by the Spanish in their American Colonies. Spanish Used Native People as Cheap Labor Spanish Converted many Native People to Catholic Religion

Mercantilism Economic Theory Tied into the Age of Exploration and Colonization. Wealth and Power of a Nation is Measured in Gold, Silver, and number of colonies Colonies Exist for the Benefit of the Mother Country

Slave Trade 1518: first ship arrived in the Americas with the 1st slaves from Africa Triangular Trade Middle Passage: the journey of slaves from Africa to Americas 275,000 Africans exported in the 16th century. (approx)

Triangular Trade Trade Between Europe, Africa, and the Americas Manufactured Goods, Slaves, and raw materials such as sugar cane.

Slave Labor Cheap Labor to Replace Native People that died from diseases. Brought from Africa.

Slavery Causes Effects Needed cheap labor in Americas Sugar Plantations Effects Effected lives of slaves Increased warfare in Africa Population declined in Africa New culture influence in the Americas

Columbian Exchange Global Transfer of Goods, Animals, Plants, Foods, and Diseases between the Americas and Europe.

Columbian Exchange Old World to New World: New World to Old World: Diseases: Smallpox Measles Chicken Pox Malaria Yellow Fever Influenza The Common Cold Syphilis Animals: Horses Cattle Pigs Sheep Goats Chickens Turkeys Llamas Alpacas Guinea Pigs Plants: Rice Wheat Barley Oats Coffee Sugarcane Bananas Melons Olives Dandelions Daisies Clover Ragweed Kentucky Bluegrass Corn (Maize) Potatoes (White & Sweet Varieties) Beans (Snap, Kidney, & Lima Varieties) Tobacco Peanuts Squash Peppers Tomatoes Pumpkins Pineapples Cacao (Source of Chocolate) Chicle (Source of Chewing Gum) Papayas Manioc (Tapioca) Guavas Avocados