What’s meant by a Healthy person? Absence of disease? According to World Health Organization (WHO) : “Health does not merely mean the absence of diseases. A healthy person should be good in: mental health and social well-being.” physical fitness

Physical fitness Every systems and organs in the body functions normally

Mental health With a clear mind Able to cope with stress

Social well-being Keep good relationship with peoples.

Which of the following diets do you like most?

Carbohydrates Fats Proteins Water Vitamins Minerals Dietary Fibres All the above diets are made up of SEVEN types of food substances. Carbohydrates Fats Proteins Water Vitamins Minerals Dietary Fibres They are necessary for the maintenance of LIFE.

Carbohydrates (碳水化合物)

Carbohydrates (碳水化合物) Types: 1. Starch (澱粉質) Find in bread, rice, potato, cereals Insoluble in water Not sweet in taste Can be broken down into sugars

Carbohydrates (碳水化合物) Types: 2. Sugars (糖類) Find in fruits, sugar cane & milk Soluble in water Sweet in taste Function: Main source of energy in body

Carbohydrates (碳水化合物) Test for Glucose: (Clinistix paper) Pink Blue / Purple

Fats (脂肪)

Fats (脂肪) Food sources: Find in butter, milk cheese and meat Function: form cell membrane act as source of energy (food storage)

Permanent translucent spot Fats (脂肪) Test for Fats: Spot test Permanent translucent spot

Proteins (蛋白質)

Proteins (蛋白質) They are built from small unit: amino acids Food sources: Find in fish, chicken, meat, cheese and soya beans Function: form new cells for growth and repair of body cells act as source of energy

Proteins (蛋白質) Test for Proteins: (Albustix paper) Yellow Green

Water (水) Water is essential to life. Water makes up about 65% of the body weight in man. Functions: take part in all biochemical reactions acts as a part of blood

This child has poor bone growth! WHY? His gum is bleeding!

They are lacking of ……………………… Vitamins & Minerals

Vitamins (維生素) and Minerals (礦物質) They have NO energy value. They are essential in very small amounts for maintaining good health. If there is an insufficient supply of them, we will suffer from deficiency diseases.

Vitamin A Milk Find in liver, cod liver oil, carrot, fresh green vegetable and milk Deficiency disease: Night blindness

Vitamin C Find in fresh fruits and vegetables Deficiency disease: Scurvy

Vitamin D Find in milk, cod liver oil and egg yolk Skin can produce it by absorbing UV light Deficiency disease: Rickets

Calcium (鈣) Find in milk, cheese and green vegetables Deficiency disease: Rickets

Iron (鐵) Find in liver, beef and green vegetables Deficiency disease: Anaemia

Dietary fibres (食用纖維) Food sources: Find in oat bread, cereals, fruits and vegetables Functions: gives bulk to the food and stimulates peristalsis of gut prevent constipation

Balanced diet (均衡膳食) A diet containing the right amounts of all the food substances. A balanced diet should contain: carbohydrates and fats to provide energy proteins for growth and repair vitamins, minerals, water and dietary fibres to maintain health

Balanced diet (均衡膳食) Different kinds of people will have different balanced diets. It depends on his/her……occupation!

Balanced diet (均衡膳食) and … age, sex and physiological state!

Balanced diet (均衡膳食)

Balanced diet (均衡膳食)

Balanced diet (均衡膳食) Obesity (癡肥): energy intake > energy needs excess energy will be stored in our body as fats body weight > normal = overweight serious case of overweight is obesity Overweight people have higher risk of high blood pressure and heart disease

Balanced diet (均衡膳食) Anorexia (厭食症):

Balanced diet (均衡膳食) Anorexia (厭食症): energy intake < energy needs energy stored in body used up and people suffer malnutrition anorexia is a mental illness it often begins with slimming

Balanced diet (均衡膳食) Anorexia (厭食症):

Balanced diet (均衡膳食) Food Pyramid (食物金字塔): Eat less Fats, salt & sweet Eat moderately Meat, fish & milk Eat more Vegetables & fruit Cereals, bread, rice Eat most