The Age of Absolutism Chapter 16

Spanish Power Grows Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand unified the country (Spain), enforced religious unity, and commanded the Spanish conquest of the Americas 1516- Grandson Charles I became king of Spain- ruler of Spanish colonies in the America’s as well Charles I became heir of Hapsburg Empire which included the Holy Roman Empire and the Netherlands

Charles I  Charles V Devout Catholic Suppressed Protestantism in German states Faced Muslim Ottoman Empire

Charles V Abdicates Why would Charles V give up on the Hapsburg Empire? Too scattered for one person to handle What happened to the empire? Gave the Holy Roman Empire to his brother Ferdinand Charles V son- Philip II- got Spain, the Netherlands, and some southern Italian states

Philip II Solidifies Power Reigned for 42 years Expanded Spanish influence Strengthened the Catholic Church Made his own power absolute

Centralizing Power Philip II made every part of the government responsible to him Absolute monarch- a ruler with complete authority over the government and the lives of the people Divine right- the power came directly from God Explain why an absolute monarch is beneficial and detrimental to a country.

Battles in the Mediterranean and the Netherlands Attempted to advance Spanish Catholic power Battle of Lepanto- 1571 Protestants resisted Philip’s efforts to crush their faith

Armada Sails Against England 1580’s- Philip saw England as Spain’s chief Protestant enemy Elizabeth supported the Dutch who were against Spain Armada- fleet to carry a Spanish invasion force to England Sent 130 ships and 20,000 men to the English channel What was the outcome?

An Empire Declines Defeat of the Armada marked the beginning of the end of Spanish power Reason for decline: Philip II’s successors ruled far less ably than he did Costly overseas wars drained Spain of its wealth Treasure of the Americas meant that Spain neglected farming and commerce

Spain’s Golden Age El Greco- “the Greek”- haunting religious pictures and striking portraits of Spanish nobles Miguel de Cervantes- Don Quixote