Satellite Data for Health & Air Quality Applications

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Presentation transcript:

Satellite Data for Health & Air Quality Applications Tell you a bit about NASA Science. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Bryan Duncan January 31st, 2017; SatSummit, Washington, DC

1 of Every 9 Deaths Related to Air Pollution (WHO) US $5 Trillion in Welfare Losses (World Bank) Goal 3 – Good Health & Well Being Target 3.9: Indicator 3.9.1 Mortality rate attributed to household and ambient air pollution (mean annual levels of air pollution - fine particulate matter [PM2.5]) Goal 11 – Sustainable Cities & Communities Target 11.6: Indicator 11.6.2 Annual mean levels of PM2.5 in cities (population weighted)

Satellites Provide a “God’s-Eye” View of the Earth Spatial coverage is the primary advantage of satellite data Los Angeles smog Los Angeles from Space NASA Skylab 1973

Satellite measurements vs. surface measurements Satellites measure an “atmospheric column” (molecules/cm2) Pollution plume Surface stations measure emissions and “Nose-level” concentrations

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) measurements Satellite vs EPA surface data? NASA Satellite EPA Surface Data Houston, Texas Time Techniques to convert satellite data to familiar quantities are improving over time!

Application: Health Studies of Exposure The satellite data offer increased statistical power for complete exposure assignments that strengthen inferences of their relations with health outcomes Annual Annual Average PM2.5 (µg/m3) WHO Interim Targets Brauer, M., et al., Ambient Air Pollution Exposure Estimation for the Global Burden of Disease 2013, Environ. Sci. & Tech., 50 (1), 79-88, doi: 10.1021/acs.est.5b03709, 2016.

Application: Mitigation Strategy Development ~100,000 Excess Deaths Used satellite data for short and long-term mitigation strategy development Aerosol Index Aerosol Optical Depth Koplitz, S. N., et al., Public health impacts of the severe haze in Equatorial Asia in September-October 2015: Demonstration of a new framework for informing fire management strategies to reduce downwind smoke exposure, Environ. Res. Lett., doi: 10.1088/17489326/11/9/094023, 2016.

Application: Societal Benefit Satellite-Based Health Air Quality Index Bryan Duncan, …….. NASA Satellite NO2 NASA Partnership with UNICEF: Text alerts of impending poor air quality, such as to asthmatic children. Multi-Satellite: AOD → PM2.5 NASA GEOS-5 Model: Ozone