Muscles.

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Presentation transcript:

Muscles

Types of muscles- skeletal Attached to bones of skeleton Voluntary Multinucleate cells Striated

Types of muscles- smooth Internal organs/tubes Involuntary Lack striations

Types of muscles- cardiac Only found in heart Involuntary Uninucleate cells Striated

Skeletal muscle

Structure of skeletal muscle

Within a muscle cell Sarcolemma- cell membrane Myofibril- contractile proteins, actin/myosin Wrapped by sarcoplasmic reticulum

Myofibril

Myosin Creates the movement Composed of protein chains that intertwine Long tail, two heads, hinge to allow heads to move 250 myosin molecules = thick filament

Actin Multiple actin molecules polymerize Two twist to form thin filaments One myosin head to one actin molecule

Combined

Sarcomere- light/dark repeat

Muscle contraction

Muscle contraction Tropomyosin- covers actin, prevents myosin from tightly binding Troponin- gatekeeper

Sliding filaments

http://www. youtube. com/watch http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jqy0i1KXUO4&list=PL3EED4C1D684D3ADF&index=31

How much tension can be generated?

Moving bone Muscles must contract to move bones Attachment to bone Origin- stationary bone Insertion- movable bone

Can only pull on a bone, not push

Types of contractions Isometric- muscle contracts but does not change length Isotonic- muscle contracts and changes length Concentric- shortening Eccentric- lengthening Movement (a) Muscle contracts with force greater than resistance and shortens (concentric contraction) (c) Muscle contracts but does not change length (isometric contraction) (b) Muscle contracts with force less than lengthens (eccentric No movement

Smooth muscle

Smooth muscle Internal organs Many differences between skeletal and smooth muscle

Communicating with neighbors Uterus

Other differences Operate over varying lengths (e.g., bladder) Layers run in different directions Contract slower Sustained contractions without fatiguing Responds from chemical or electrical signal Lack specialized receptor regions Lack sarcomeres

Allows for deformation

Cardiac muscle

Cardiac muscle Features of smooth and skeletal muscle Striated, sarcomere Uninucleate Intercalated discs (gap junctions)

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