Jazz (1890-Present) Organized Chaos

What’s going on in America? Segregation Prohibition

Slavery and Segregation By the end of Slavery: more than 400,000 came from West Africa and brought African music with them Southern Plantations Field Songs – Call and Response, Chanted, Rhythmic – became the basis of both Jazz and Blues End of Slavery in 1865 Segregation limited employment opportunities for African-Americans Many worked in entertainment especially as musicians Civil war: Surplus of Bass and Snare Drums

Prohibition (1920-1933) Outlawed the Sale of Alcohol Speak Easys Passage of the 21’s Amendment to the Constitution Speak Easys Illicit Night club Illegally served alcohol Played Jazz music Jazz Music as Immoral Older Generations believed it corrupted moral values Believed it was a gateway to an immoral life News Papers ran false news articles Jazz is used to Scare off animals Jazz was responsible for Heart Attacks

New Orleans in the early 1900’s Before Jazz, musicians played in Funeral Marching bands Brought talents to night clubs Storyville Red-light district around Basin Street Hosted Bars and Brothels Hired Jazz bands New Orleans, a southern port city Tourists often went to Storyville Nationwide tourism, spread Jazz

The Electric Guitar Rickenbacker’s “Frying Pan” First Truly Electric Guitar (1931)

Les Paul Pioneer of the Solid Body Electric Guitar Innovator of Multiple Guitar Techniques for Jazz Licks: Regurgitated phrases used in solos Trill: Rapid alternation between two adjacent notes Jazz Chord Sequencing Jazz timing Only person inducted into both the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame and the National Inventors Hall of fame

What is Jazz – Where did it come from? Considered a “Truly American Art” New Orleans and the Post-Civil War South Mixture of African and European music Brass Marching Band Ragtime Blues African music

What is Jazz – What does it sound like? Rhythm centric Polyrhythm Syncopation Swing notes Use of a small band Typically pieces from a marching band Brass, piano, Strings (guitar/bass), Vocals (sometimes) Group Interaction Improvisation – Continued next slide

What is Jazz - Improvisation What is Improvisation Music structure arranged Musicians “make up” other parts Contrasting Classical Music Musicians play music as written Songs can be interpreted in very different ways based on the performers: Mood Personal experiences Interactions with the other musicians Audience interaction And many other factors

Cab Calloway – Minnie the Moocher (1931)

Nina Simone Began music at an early age Blend of Gospel and Jazz Skilled Pianist Heavily influenced by Classical music, especially J.S. Bach Prominent Civil Rights Activist Can be heard in her music Dozens of Artists have cited her as heavily influencing their Music including: David Bowie, Elton John, Aretha Franklin, Adele, Alicia Keys and many more

Nina Simone – Sinnerman (1965)

The major types of JAZZ Dixieland Cool Jazz Bebop & Hard-Bop Smooth Jazz Bossa Nova Big Band Swing

Dixieland Jazz (traditional Jazz) The traditional form of Jazz Developed in the 1900’s – 1910’s Departure from traditional marching music by the use of a stringed bass instead of a tuba for the primary bass sound Primary Instruments used: Trumpet Trombone Clarinet Drums Guitar or banjo Stringed Bass Piano

Louis Armstrong – When the Saints go Marching in (1938)

Cool Jazz (West Coast Jazz) Incorporates Classical Music Inspired by the chamber music of the Baroque era Developed in the 1940’s San Francisco and Los Angeles Lighter Tones and Relaxed Tempos Primary Instruments Drum Piano Trumpet Trombone Saxophone Double Bass

Miles Davis – Moon Dreams (1957)

Bebop & Hard-Bop Developed in the 1940’s The Antithesis of Cool Jazz Fast Tempo Rapid Chord Changes Multiple Key Changes Inspired by Blues, Gospel, and R&B Primary instruments Piano Saxophone Trumpet Trombone Drums Double Bass

Thelonious Monk & Coleman Hawkins On The Bean (1944)

Smooth Jazz Down-tempo Developed in the 1960’s Relaxing sound Developed in the 1960’s Popularized in the 1980’s Key element is the use of the synthesizer Primary Instruments Guitar Saxophone Especially the Soprano Sax Synthesizer Bass Guitar Piano Trumpet Fulte Drums

Kenny G – Songbird (1986)

Bossa Nova Brazilian Jazz Developed in the 1950’s Rhythmic Swaying feeling Primary Instruments Classical or Acoustic Guitar Piano Organ Bass Drums

Astrud Gilberto & Stan Getz – Girl from Ipanema (1964)

Big Band Swing 1920’s &1930’s Prominent Drum and Bass Leads a small brass orchestra, sometimes included woodwind and/or strings Made as Dancing Music Soloists improvise over an anchor rhythm

Duke Ellington – Take the A Train (1939)

Swing Revival Retro Music for the 1990’s Mix with the retro Rock- a-billy Style Smaller horn section Centered around a traditional rock band Guitar Bass Guitar Full Drum Kit

Big Bad Voodoo Daddy – Go Daddy-O (1994)