Unit 1: European Colonization of America Lesson 2: Columbian Exchange

Standards Strand: History Topic: Colonization to Independence European countries established colonies in North America as a means of increasing wealth and power. As the English colonies developed their own governments and economies, they resisted domination by the monarchy, rebelled and fought for independence. Content Statement: 2 North America, originally inhabited by American Indians, was explored and colonized by Europeans for economic and religious reasons.

Columbian Exchange

Essential Question What was the global impact of Columbus’ voyages?

Columbus’ Legacy While Columbus may have failed to achieve his main goal of finding a shorter sea route to Asia, his voyages were extremely influential to the world His success inspired other nations to hire other explorers in search of new wealth, knowledge, land, and faster sea routes.

America In 1501, Italian explorer Amerigo Vespucci sailed with a fleet that landed on the coast of present-day South America He was amazed with the many varieties of animals and plants that he saw. Mapmakers labeled the new continents America, after him

Ferdinand Magellan

Opening of the Atlantic After European explorers like Columbus and Magellan, the Atlantic ocean became a gateway to Africa, India and the Americas. The “opening of the Atlantic” altered trade routes between European countries. Portugal and Spain specifically benefited from these routes across the Atlantic and Pacific

Positives of a shift in trade + Spanish and Portuguese traders made more profits + Increase influence in foreign affairs + Other European countries began becoming involve in trade

Negatives of the shift in trade Traditional overland trade routes were less important Asia and Venice lost power and control in trade

The Columbian Exchange Columbian Exchange – The transfer of plants, animals, and diseases from the Americas to Asia, Africa, Europe and vice versa.

It is called the “Columbian Exchange” because it resulted from Christopher Columbus’ explorations It had a tremendous impact on the entire world economy and trade.

From the Americas to Europe Corn, tomatoes, potatoes, peppers Tobacco, cocoa, Turkey, llama, guinea pig

From Europe to the Americas Horses, cattle, pigs, sheep, chicken Wheat, barley, rice, bananas

European Diseases Europeans also accidentally brought over deadly diseases such as measles, smallpox, typhus Most Europeans had developed natural resistance to these diseases. Native Americans had never been exposed to these diseases, so they easily became sick and died from them. Hundreds of thousands of Native Americans died from the spread of European diseases.

Measles Infection of the respiratory system Symptoms- Fever, cough, red eyes, rashes Can also lead to further complications and infections

Smallpox Infectious disease that creates fluid filled blisters on the skin Symptoms: fever, headache, vomiting, legions on the skin Can cause blindness and death

Typhus Highly fatal disease transmitted through the blood Easily spread by lice Symptoms: Chills, cough, high fever, rash Delirium, stupor, muscle pain, death

Northwest Passage Spain and Portugal explored Central and South America Other European countries focused on North America Northwest Passage – a path that would allow ships to sail around or through North America Would connect the Atlantic and Pacific oceans Was not found during this time

Searching for the Northwest Passage Giovanni da Verrazano Italian sailor sent to find NWP Jacques Cartier French sailor; led French explorations of NA His crew rebelled against him and put him and a few followers in a boat to die

Samuel de Champlain Henry Hudson French sailor; founded Quebec Helped France become established in Canada Henry Hudson Dutch hired, English sailor sent to find NWP Sailed to present-day New York Battled bitter colds while exploring north Crew mutinied against him

What was the global impact of Columbus’ voyages?