Agenda – 1/25/11 Stamp 7.1 & Section Assessment Go over both Start 7.2

A Clash of Values Nativism Resurges – During the 1920’s, anti-immigrant and racist feelings increased what was nativism? (p.179) A preference for native-born people

7.1 Study Guide In the early 1920s, many Americans saw the millions of immigrants as a threat to stability and order and to the four million recently demobilized service men and women searching for work in an economy with soaring unemployment and rising prices. As anti-immigration fever rose, nativists emboldened their arguments against immigration with eugenics, a pseudo-science that emphasized that human inequalities were inherited and warned against breeding the “unfit” or “inferior”.

7.1 Study Guide This science fueled the nativists' argument for the superiority of the "original" American stock— white Protestants of Northern European descent.

Controlling Immigration Fearing new Immigrants, the federal government enacted several laws to limit immigration “The hardest quota cases were those that separated families. When part of the family had been born in a country with a quota still open, while the other part had been born in a country whose quota was exhausted, the law let in the first part and deported the other part. Mothers were torn from children, husbands from wives. The law came down like a sword between them.” —quoted in Ellis Island: Echoes from a Nation’s Past

According to the 1921 Emergency Quota Act, only 3 percent of the total number of people in any ethnic group already living in the United States, as indicated in the 1910 census could be admitted in a single year. The 1924 National Origins Act tightened the quota system, setting quotas at 2 percent of each national group residing in the country in 1890. The immigration acts of 1921 and 1924 greatly reduced the available labor pool in the United States.

Examples of the Quota Acts 1921 Emergency Quota Act (3% of 1910) 10,000 Polish Immigrants living in US in 1910 In 1921 only 300 new immigrants would be allowed into US from Poland 1924 National Origins Act (2% of 1890) 6,000 Polish Immigrants living in US in 1890 In 1924 only 120 new immigrants would be allowed into US from Poland

The New Morality An emphasis on youth and personal freedom led to a more relaxed moral attitude. New morality included: Women in the workforce, women going to college the automobile – which allowed young people to go out with their friends and find privacy away from home

7.1 Study Guide Many groups that wanted to restrict immigration also feared the "new morality" that glorified youth and personal freedom. The flapper personified women’s changing behavior in the 1920s. While flappers pursued social freedoms, other women sought financial independence by entering the workforce.

Flappers doing the Charleston

The Fundamentalist Movement Fundamentalists promoted the authority of the Bible and defended the Protestant faith.

7.1 Study Guide To many Americans, the modern consumer culture, relaxed ethics, and growing urbanism symbolized America's moral decline. Fundamentalists focused on defending the Protestant faith against ideas that implied that human beings derived their moral behavior from society and nature, not God. Evangelist Aimee Semple McPherson conducted her revivals and faith healings in Los Angeles in a flamboyant theatrical style.

Prohibition Congress passed the 18th Amendment and the Volstead Act to prohibit alcohol, but the laws largely failed to create positive social change. The Volstead Act was passed along with the 18th to give the Treasury Department the responsibility to enforce the 18th Amendment.

7.1 Study Guide Many people believed the prohibition of alcohol would help reduce unemployment, domestic violence, and poverty. The Eighteenth Amendment specifically granted the federal government, as well as the state governments, the power to enforce prohibition.

Section Assessment – p.413 #1 - Vocab Anarchist – people who oppose all forms of government eugenics – false science that deals with improving heredity Flapper – young, dramatic, stylish, unconventional woman who personified women’s changing behavior in the 1920s. Evolution – Darwin’s idea that humans developed from lower life forms Creationism – the belief that God created the world as described in the Bible Police powers – a gov’t’s power to control people and property in the interest of public safety. Speakeasy – secret bars where people could purchase liquor

Section Assessment – p.413 #2 – People and Terms Ku Klux Klan (KKK) – a group targeting African Americans, Catholics, Jews, immigrants and others believed to represent “un-American” values Emergency Quota Act – established a temporary quota system, limiting immigration in 1921 Fundamentalism – a religious movement embraced by many people in rural, small towns who were afraid that the country was losing its moral values.

Section Assessment – p.413 The 18th was appealed because people recognized that it was not successful. With the passage of the 18th and the Volstead Act the government’s role changed as it obtained police powers to enforce the law. Immigrants from Mexico were not included in the quota system set by the immigration acts because they provided cheap labor in the US.

Section Assessment – p.413 # 6 Act Provisions 1921 Emergency Quota Act Limited the number of immigrants to 3% of the existing immigrant population based on the 1910 census 1924 National Origins Act Limited the number of immigrants to 2% of the existing immigrant population based on the 1890 census

Section Assessment – p.413 The barrels of alcohol were destroyed in public in order to intimidate people, with the hope that it would make them fearful and submissive in the face of federal authority.