Concept Development Underground Infrastructure Mapping and Modeling George Percivall CTO, Chief Engineer Open Geospatial Consortium gpercivall@opengeospatial.org © 2017 Open Geospatial Consortium

Convergence of Geospatial Information Geospatial, Civil Engineering & BIM come together in the Urban environment; destined to work together Graphics: OGC © 2017 Open Geospatial Consortium © 2016 Open Geospatial Consortium

© 2017 Open Geospatial Consortium 3D Urban Modeling Far more than the 3D visualization of reality geometry and its appearance are only one aspect of an entity (not SMART) Key issue (to make things SMART): Semantic modeling meaning / structure / relationships Enabling geospatial smart city services Need for standards to integrate data © 2017 Open Geospatial Consortium

© 2017 Open Geospatial Consortium Application Areas © 2017 Open Geospatial Consortium

Multiple NYC CityGML Datasets http://www1.nyc.gov/site/doitt/initiatives/3d-building.page NYC 3-D Building Model with exterior geometry 3D CityGML model from NYC Open Data www.gis.bgu.tum.de/en/projects/new-york-city-3d/ > 1,000,000 buildings > 866,000 land lots > 149,000 streets > 16,000 parks > 9,500 water bodies > DTM with 1m resolution fully-automatically generated from the 2D geodata published in the NYC Open Data Portal semantic and geometric transformations all objects have 3D geometry rich semantic information (5 - 75 attributes per object resulting from combining different NYC datasets) © 2017 Open Geospatial Consortium

Benefits of an Open Standards Approach Reduce risk by aligning projects on open standards, program development is based on proven practices Improve choice in marketplace by broaden choice of IT solutions through plug-and-play based on standards Enable legacy systems to interoperate with new technologies by adapting these systems to leverage standard interfaces and encodings. Reduce overall system lifecycle costs by reducing or eliminating custom integration through the use of open standards © 2017 Open Geospatial Consortium

Building 3D Models from all sources Architecture Large scale (mm) Geospatial World Country City Region Building Small scale (km) Component Room Section Floor Building To put the field into perspective, where a Building in Architecture is the largest object in Geomatics it is the Smallest. But the there definitely is an overlap between the fields. Both fields have there own data format standards, CityGML and IFC These have 3D geometries with strong semantics. IFC is a Dutch openstandard, which means that Governmental organizations are required to use IFC High availability especially in the future My thesis is about converting the IFC building models to CityGML, thereby reusing existing data which benefits the consistency And creating building models optimized for analyses with an unprecedented amount of detail. CityGML IFC Copyright © 2017 Open Geospatial Consortium

OGC’s Approach for Advancing Interoperability Innovation Program – a global, innovative, hands-on rapid prototyping and testing program designed to unite users and industry in accelerating interface development and validation, and the delivery of interoperability to the market Rapid Interface Development Standards Program – Consensus standards process similar to other Industry consortia (World Wide Web Consortium, OMA etc.). Standards Setting Compliance Program – allows organizations that implement an OGC standard to test their implementations with the mandatory elements of that standard Testing & Certification As a response, the OpenGIS concept and dream began due to: 1. The user’s need to integrate geographic information contained in heterogeneous data stores whose incompatible formats and data structures have prevented interoperability. This incompatibility has limited use of the technology in enterprise and Internet computing environments, and the time, cost, and expertise required for data conversion have slowed adoption of geoprocessing across all market segments. 2. The larger community’s need for improved access to public and private geodata sources, with preservation of the data’s semantics. 3. Agency and vendor needs to develop standardized approaches for specification of geoprocessing requirements for information system procurements. 4. The industry’s need to incorporate geodata and geoprocessing resources into national and enterprise information infrastructures, in order that these resources may be found and used as easily as any other network-resident data and processing resources. 5. Users’ need to preserve the value of their legacy geoprocessing systems and legacy geodata while incorporating new geoprocessing capabilities and geodata sources. Communications and Outreach Program – education and training, encourage take up of OGC specifications, business development, communications programs Market Adoption © 2017 Open Geospatial Consortium

OGC Innovation Program OGC Standards Program Operational System Plugfest Pilot Technology Maturation And Compliance Experiment/ Hackathon Specifications Implementations Demonstrations Testbed “IRCW” Types of OGC Innovation Program Initiatives © 2017 Open Geospatial Consortium

OGC Concept Development Process To assess emerging technologies & architectures in support of interoperability initiatives and open standards Process 1. Request for Information (RFI) Wide request for input on relevant technologies and open standards RFI frames the questions to be addressed 2. Engineering Workshop Workshop to discuss and advance the concepts in the RFI Presentations based on RFI Responses  3. CDS Report Engineering Report of open standards and architecture views Describe approach indicating feasibility and maturity © 2017 Open Geospatial Consortium

RFI on Underground Infrastructure Mapping and Modeling RFI Purpose Part of a Concept Development Study to assess the current state and future direction of information standards for modeling, mapping, and managing underground infrastructure Seeking recommendations to be considered for inclusion in best practices and future phases, i.e., testbed and pilot Recommendations may include technologies, system architectures, information models and vocabularies, as well as organizational practices and approaches to governance. Sponsors Fund for the City of New York (FCNY) Singapore Land Authority (SLA) Ordnance Survey RFI Response Due Date: March 15, 2017 © 2017 Open Geospatial Consortium

Underground RFI Applications and Benefits Comprehensive, exchangeable and up-to-date datasets could benefit the following business and societal activities: Utility services operation and maintenance Emergency management and disaster response Construction planning and management Medium and long term planning for development, utilities, transport Information model foundations of smart cities. © 2017 Open Geospatial Consortium

Anticipated Benefits listed in Underground RFI ●  Less damage to existing assets when undertaking works ●  Better estimation of timescales earlier in the process ●  Improved assessment of impacts and risks to other assets from planned activities ●  More effective prevention of, preparation for and response to emergencies ●  More accurate analysis, prediction, and prevention of cascading utilities failures ●  More comprehensive analysis of options for continuity of service ●  Better understanding of points of vulnerability within and between assets. ●  More secure sharing of sensitive underground information © 2017 Open Geospatial Consortium

© 2017 Open Geospatial Consortium RFI Responses Accenture Bentley BGS Boston City BRGM Cesar Quiroga CityGML Chair Dassault Systemes Delft University Dubai Elec/Water EPRI Erik Stubkjaer Geoweb 3D HERE HL Consulting Informatie Vlaanderen LandInfra SWG Les Guest Assoc. Luciad Robin Danton Rotterdam City Sewer Network Spacetime Technology St Paul Minnesota Swiss Water SJIB Technics Group Tech. Univ München UMS Bernice © 2017 Open Geospatial Consortium

© 2017 Open Geospatial Consortium Workshop Sessions Monday, April 24th  Session 1 – Opening, Introductions, Project Overview Session 2 – Cities with underground projects Session 3 – Underground information systems practices Session 4 – Data models for integration and data sharing 6:00 pm – Group Dinner hosted by GEO.works Tuesday, April 25th  Session 5 – Underground Environment data model Session 6 – Data collection, curation, integration, analysis Session 7 – Breakout sessions Session 8 – Workshop summary; Planning the Pilot phase © 2017 Open Geospatial Consortium

Session 2 – Cities with underground projects © 2017 Open Geospatial Consortium

© 2017 Open Geospatial Consortium For Details on OGC … OGC Standards Freely available www.opengeospatial.org/standards OGC Innovation http://www.opengeospatial.org/ogc/programs/ip George Percivall gpercivall at opengeospatial.org @percivall © 2017 Open Geospatial Consortium