INFORMATION SECURITY MANAGEMENT

Course Outline – Topics Covered Planning for Security and Contingencies Information Security Policy Developing Security Programs Security Management Models Risk Management Identifying Assessing Controlling

Course Outline – Topics Covered Protection Mechanism Personnel and Security Law and Ethics Security and the Cloud

Classroom Procedures Most classes will contain the following components: Current Events Lectures Case Studies Threat Presentations Encourage student sharing their experiences

Course Structure: Assessments (3) 45% Current Topics/Case Studies/Threats 15% Term paper 20% HealthFirst Case Study Analysis 10% Class Participation/Discussions 10%

Current Topics / Threat Predictions The primary purpose of this assignment is to bring in current topics that are occurring in the world of information security. Choose 1 threat prediction for 2017 to research and present during one of the sessions. See threat predictions link on website and pick 3 possible topics to research and present on. Email your choices by next Monday, 1/16 These will be assigned next week to be presented throughout the semester.

Term Paper The primary purpose of this assignment is to provide you an opportunity to further develop practical research skills by investigating an information security and information assurance (IA) related topic (hopefully of personal interest). Consists of: Paper on the topic (~ 3000 words) include an annotated bibliography (with at least 12 references) 15-20 minutes presentation of your executive summary to class. There is a list available in the syllabus. If you want to focus on another topic not listed, let me know.

Class Introductions/Expectations Name Background Course Expectations

Who I am Dr. Cummings Assistant Professor at UNCW Ph.D. in IS (Indiana University) MBA in IS (Texas Tech University) Industry experience in networking, programming, project management.

Introduction to Information Security Management Do not figure on opponents not attacking; worry about your own lack of preparation. BOOK OF THE FIVE RINGS

Information Security Management You can have all the protection mechanisms in place and still have security problems:

Information Security Management http://www.twincities.com/business/ci_24887125/target-breach-likely-an-inside-job-data-security http://www.computerweekly.com/news/2240212475/Target-to-invest-5m-in-cyber-security-awareness http://fortune.com/2014/12/30/new-research-sony-hack/ http://www.techrepublic.com/article/why-the-sony-hack-shouldnt-lead-to-the-end-of-user-centric-it/ http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2014-11-06/home-depot-hackers-got-in-via-a-vendor-took-53-million-e-mails-too https://www.identityforce.com/blog/2016-data-breaches

Technology is not enough… Technology is not enough….. (From: PWC Global State of Information Security 2015) Even the best technological solutions are being constantly worked on to circumvent. Essential governance and operational processes: Incident management response process Classifying business value of data Risk assessments on internal systems Security Audits Governance, risk and compliance

Information Security Management (From: PWC Global State of Information Security 2014)

Information Security Management The goal of this course is to take a step back and examine how security functions as a whole within the organization. Challenge: Everything cannot be categorized as right or wrong What works for one company may fail in another

Careers in Information Security Most studies/reports point to a shortage of security professionals over the next 5 years. A Cisco 2016 Annual Security Report: 209,000 cybersecurity jobs in the US are unfilled Postings up 74% over the past 5 years Cybersecurity market expected to reach $170 billion by 2020 http://www.forbes.com/sites/stevemorgan/2016/01/02/one-million-cybersecurity-job-openings-in-2016/#189db4747d27

CompTIA Security+ Entry-level certification Requires 2 years experience working in network security Credential holders possess expertise in knowledge areas such as Cryptography Identity management Security systems Security risk identification and mitigations Network access control

Certified Information Systems Security Professional Five years of experience in information security There are 250 multiple-choice questions Exam duration: six hours

Other Certifications Systems Security Certified Practitioner Only one year of experience required Test is 90 minutes long, 50-70 questions Certified Ethical Hacker Certified Information Security Manager

Early forms of Information Security Figure 1-1 The Enigma Source: Courtesy of National Security Agency

The 1990s Networks of computers became more common; so too did the need to interconnect networks Internet became first manifestation of a global network of networks In early Internet deployments, security was treated as a low priority

2000 to Present The Internet brings millions of computer networks into communication with each other—many of them unsecured Ability to secure a computer’s data influenced by the security of every computer to which it is connected Growing threat of cyber attacks has increased the need for improved security

Introduction The concept of computer security has become synonymous with the concept of information security Information security is no longer the sole responsibility of a discrete group of people in the company

Information Security Decision Makers 1) Information security mgr and professionals (InfoSec Community) 2) Information technology mgr and professionals (Information Technology Community) 3) Non-technical business mgr and professionals (General Business Community)

How do you define security? Specialized areas of security What Is Security? How do you define security? Specialized areas of security Physical Operations Communications Network Each of these areas contribute to the information security program as a whole

What Is Information Security? How do we achieve Information Security? Policy Technology Training and Awareness Programs Role of information security is to protect an organization’s information assets

Components of an Information System Information system (IS) is entire set of components necessary to use information as a resource in the organization Software Hardware Data People Procedures Networks

Key Information Security Concepts Protection Profile or Security Posture Risk Subjects and Objects Threat Threat Agent Vulnerability Access Asset Attack Control, Safeguard, or Countermeasure Exploit Exposure Loss

Figure 1-1 Components of Information security http://www.cnss.gov/policies.html Source: Course Technology/Cengage Learning

CNSS Security Model (cont’d.) C.I.A. triangle Confidentiality, integrity, and availability Has expanded into a more comprehensive list of critical characteristics of information NSTISSI (CNSS) Security Model Provides a more detailed perspective on security Covers the three dimensions of information security Primary purpose: identify gaps in the coverage of an information security program

CNSS Security Model (cont’d.) NSTISSC Security Model (cont’d.) Must address all 27 cells when designing/reviewing a program Main Purpose: identify gaps in an information security program

How to measure the value of information - CIA Triangle The value of information comes from the characteristics it possesses Expanded to include Identification Authentication Authorization Privacy Accountability

Confidentiality The characteristic of information whereby only those with sufficient privileges may access certain information Measures used to protect confidentiality: Information classification Secure document storage Application of general security policies Education of information custodians and end users

Integrity The quality or state of being whole, complete, and uncorrupted Threats to information integrity: Corruption Damage Destruction Other disruption of its authentic state

Availability The characteristic of information that enables user access to information in a required format, without interference or obstruction Availability does not imply that the information is accessible to any user (Implies availability to authorized users)

Identification and Authentication An information system possesses the characteristic of identification when it is able to recognize individual users Identification and authentication are essential to establishing the level of access or authorization that an individual is granted Authentication Occurs when a control proves that a user possesses the identity that he or she claims

Authorization Assures that the user has been specifically and explicitly authorized by the proper authority to access, update, or delete the contents of an information asset Authorization occurs after authentication

Privacy Information collected, used, and stored by an organization is to be used only for the purposes stated to the data owner at the time it was collected Privacy as a characteristic of information does not signify freedom from observation Means that information will be used only in ways known to the person providing it

Accountability Exists when a control provides assurance that every activity undertaken can be attributed to a named person or automated process

Balancing Information Security and Access Should everyone have an access button? Should information be kept in a vault?

Balancing Information Security and Access Functionality Usability

Balancing Information Security and Access Impossible to obtain perfect security—it is a process, not an absolute Security should be considered balance between protection and availability

Security as Art No hard and fast rules nor many universally accepted complete solutions No manual for implementing security through entire system

Security as Science Dealing with technology designed to operate at high levels of performance Specific conditions cause virtually all actions that occur in computer systems Nearly every fault, security hole, and systems malfunction are a result of interaction of specific hardware and software If developers had sufficient time, they could resolve and eliminate faults

Principles of Information Security Management Include the following characteristics that will be the focus of the current course (six P’s): Planning Policy Programs Protection People Project Management http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/PubsTC.html

Planning Planning as part of InfoSec management An extension of the basic planning model discussed earlier in this chapter Included in the InfoSec planning model Activities necessary to support the design, creation, and implementation of information security strategies

Planning (cont’d.) Types of InfoSec plans Incident response planning Business continuity planning Disaster recovery planning Policy planning Personnel planning Technology rollout planning Risk management planning Security program planning includes education, training and awareness

Policy The set of organizational guidelines that dictates certain behavior within the organization Three general categories of policy: Enterprise information security policy (EISP) Issue-specific security policy (ISSP) System-specific policies (SysSPs) UNCW Policies

Programs InfoSec operations that are specifically managed as separate entities Example: a security education training and awareness (SETA) program Other types of programs Physical security program complete with fire, physical access, gates, guards, etc.

Protection Executed through risk management activities Includes: Risk assessment and control Protection mechanisms Technologies Tools Each of these mechanisms represents some aspect of the management of specific controls in the overall information security plan

The most critical link in the information security program People Managers must recognize the crucial role that people play in the information security program This area of InfoSec includes security personnel and the security of personnel, as well as aspects of a SETA program The most critical link in the information security program

Project Management Identifying and controlling the resources applied to the project Measuring progress Adjusting the process as progress is made

Summary What is security? Principles of information security management Planning Policy Programs Protection People Project management

Next Class Chapter 2 – Planning for Security Signup for Entropy Lecture Slides and additional readings will be posted in the calendar Threat Prediction Selections I will cover discussion of cases and current events next week but read them before class!