Muscle - What is it? - How do we make it grow?

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Structure and Function of Skeletal Muscle

Advertisements

Exercise Science Exercise Physiology.

Section A: Applied Anatomy and Physiology 7. Muscle fibre types.

Structure and Function of Skeletal Muscle. Skeletal Muscle Human body contains over 400 skeletal muscles 40-50% of total body weight Functions of skeletal.

Chapter 8 Skeletal Muscle: Structure and Function

Fig 12.1 P. 327 Each somatic neuron together with all the muscle fibers it innervates. Each muscle fiber receives a single axon terminal from a somatic.

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Lecture by Edward J. Zalisko PowerPoint Lectures for Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections, Seventh Edition Reece, Taylor,

Structure and Function

Muscle fibers (cells) Myofibrils Myofilaments Actin Myosin Sliding Filament Theory of Muscle Contraction Hypertrophy = Atrophy=

Body Structure 37.3 Muscular System

Muscle Physiology.

Where do we start with program design? 1983 NSCA Journals Needs AnalysisProgram Variables.

Physiology of the Musculoskeletal System Chapters 7 & 8.

Muscles &Muscle Tissue

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Chapter 8: Skeletal Muscle EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY Theory and Application to Fitness and Performance,

Learning Objectives: 1. To know the structural and functional differences between different types of muscle fibre. 2. To know how muscle fibre type affects.

Muscle I Spring 2010 Harvard University. Lecture Outline Functions of Skeletal Muscle Structural Hierarchy of Muscle Sarcomere Structure – Thick Filaments.

Chapter 8: Skeletal Muscle

Fast Slow and Intermediate Fibers Power: Maximum amount of tension that can be produced by a muscle Depends on number of contractile units which depends.

BTEC NC Sport & Exercise Sciences

Describe movement and maintenance of posture in terms of antagonistic muscle action. Gross and microscopic structure of skeletal muscle. The ultrastructure.

Skeletal Muscle: Structure and Function

Copyright © 2012 American College of Sports Medicine Chapter 4 Muscular Adaptations to Training.

EDU2EXP Exercise & Performance 1 The Exercising Muscle Structure, function and control.

Muscular system recap.. Classifications of muscles There are three types of muscle you need to know. There are three types of muscle you need to know.

Structure of a Single Muscle Fiber. Skeletal Muscle Fiber Structure Key Points An individual muscle cell is called a muscle fiber A muscle fiber is enclosed.

Tissue and organ metabolism- Muscle and ExerciseMuscle and Exercise ط Classification of muscle Tissues,Types of muscle fibers ط Metabolism during exercise:

Structure and Function of Skeletal Muscle HND Functional Anatomy Zac Laraman MSMA.

Three classes of muscle Skeletal muscle - responsible for locomotion Cardiac muscle - responsible for the action of the heart Smooth muscle - responsible.

MUSCLE TISSUE. Muscle Tissue If it contracts, it's muscle: Muscle tissue is categorized on the basis of a functional property: the ability of its cells.

MUSCLE MUSCLE TISSUE TISSUE. Myology  Anatomical study of muscles is called myology  Mostly myology is concerned with skeletal muscles  Together with.

Physiological Adaptions in response to training − In response to training the body makes adaptions or adjustments to the level of stress imposed on it.

MUSCULAR SYSTEM NOTES.  Byproduct is lactic acid  Occurs when muscle cells have used all the oxygen available to them (muscles bulge during intense.

Learning Outcomes By the end of this session you should be able to:

Physiology, drugs and disease Muscle Structure and Function FdSc FISM Year 2 Janis Leach 15/01/10.

Structure and Function of Skeletal Muscle

Muscular System Sports Training and Physiology Kociuba

Indiana Standard: 5. The Muscular System Functions of the 640 Muscles in our Body Osteocyte Move bones and joints Push substances such as food, fluid.

Muscular System. The Muscular System Overview Muscles make up the bulk of the body and account for about one-third of its weight. Their ability to contract.

Lesson 11.1: Muscle Fitness Basics Question What is meant by the term muscular endurance?

MUSCLE STRUCTURE. WHAT IS SKELETAL MUSCLE? Muscles are composed of strands of proteins grouped together in fibres. 70% of tissue is water Creates movement.

Structure and Function of Skeletal Muscle. Skeletal Muscle Human body contains over 400 skeletal muscles 40-50% of total body weight Functions of skeletal.

Muscles Section 9.4. Muscles 3 Types of Muscle Tissue  1. Cardiac: muscles of the heart. (Involuntary Control)  2. Smooth: muscle Stomach, esophagus,

Chapter 6 Improving Muscular Strength & Endurance

Muscle Physiology PSK 4U1.

Muscular system Anatomy & Physiology.

Types of Muscle Fibre Learning Objectives:

Types of Muscle Fibre Learning Objectives:

Properties of Biological Materials -- Skeletal Muscle

Skeletal Muscle.

Muscular System.

Bell Ringer Three basic muscle types are found in the body

PE 712 MUSCLE BASICS: STRUCTURE & FUNCTION.

Muscles Types & Muscle Fibers

Muscle Tissue Sarcomere Muscle Contraction Energy & Muscle Misc. 100

1 C H A P T E R Muscle Physiology.

Types of Muscle Fibre Learning Objectives:

Muscle Physiology Muscle contractions.

Explain the physiology of a muscular contraction from nervous impulse to initiation of contraction. (6)

November 2017 Journal: Explain the process of sliding filament theory.

Anatomy & Physiology Ms. Cohen

NOTES: The Muscular System (Ch 8, part 4)

NOTES: The Muscular System (Ch 8, part 3)

Motor mechanisms II.

Myology – study of the structure, arrangement and action of muscles

Strength Training.

Anaerobic and resistance training

Ch. 12 Muscle Three types of muscle Skeletal muscle Anatomy

Muscles of the human body:

Presentation transcript:

Muscle - What is it? - How do we make it grow?

What is the purpose of muscle? The body contains over 400 voluntary skeletal muscles, which constitute 40-50% of the total body weight. Skeletal muscle performs three major functions: 1. force production for locomotion and breathing 2. force production for postural support 3. heat production during cold stress

What makes up a muscle? Individual muscle fibers are composed of hundreds of threadlike protein filaments called myofibrils. Myofibrils contain two major types of contractile protein: 1. Actin – part of thin filaments 2. Myosin – part of thick filaments

Skeletal Muscle Tissue

Microstructure of Muscle

Hypertrophy Defined: Increase in muscle size (with no change in the number of muscle fibers). Hypertrophy of existing muscle fibers.

Hyperplasia Defined: Increase in the number of cells in a tissue. Generation of new muscle fibers.

Resistance Training & Hypertrophy/Hyperplasia Studies have proven hypertrophy occurs with prolonged weight training. Some studies report that elite bodybuilders have more fibers per motor unit than the average person, raising the point that hyperplasia might occur with long-term training (1,2).

Muscle Fibers Slow-twitch/Type I fibers: large capacity for aerobic metabolism and a high resistance to fatigue. Intermediate Fibers/Type IIa: viewed as a mixture of both type I and type IIx. These fibers are extremely adaptable. Fast-twitch/Type IIx: limited capacity for aerobic metabolism, less resistant to fatigue, and large anaerobic capacity. Force production is 10-20% greater than force produced by slow, type I fibers (3).

Typical Muscle Fiber Composition in Elite Athletes (3). Sport % slow fibers % fast fibers (type I) (type II) Distance runners 70-80 20-30 Track sprinters 25-30 70-75 Non-athletes 47-53 47-53

References: 1. Atha, J. 1981. Strengthening muscle. In Exercise and Sport Science Reviews, vol. 9, ed. D. I. Miller, 1-73. Philadelphia: The Franklin Institute Press. 2. Larsson, L., and P.A. Tesch. 1986. Motor unit fibre density in extremely hypertrophied skeletal muscles in man: Electrophysiologial signs of muscle fibre hyperplasia. European Journal of Applied Physiology 55: 130-36. 3. Bottinelli, R., M. Canepari, C. Reggiani, and G. Stienen. 1994. Myofibrillar ATPase activity during isometric contractions and isomyosin compostion in rat single skinned muscle fibers. Journal of Physiology (London). 481:663-75.