Patterns of Thinking Types Description Association Vocabulary connected in tangential ways; propositions are weak; to clear topic Elaboration Descriptive web clusters; non-hierarchical; propositions are valid Progressive Differentiation (D) Hierarchical concept maps in which super-ordinate concepts are meaningfully related to sub-ordinate concepts Problem Solving (PS) Causal thinking propositions; concepts are used to describe changes D w/ PS Learning concepts are differentiated and linked to strategies for practice PS w/ D Strategies for practice are differentiated; learning concepts are connected as part of the solution