INTERIOR WIRING & DISTRIBUTION INTRODUCTION CONDUCTORS RACEWAY

INTERIOR WIRING & DISTRIBUTION INTRODUCTION CONDUCTORS DESCRIPTION MATERIALS AMPACITY SIZING INSULATION TYPES RACEWAY DESCRIPTION: ALL ELECTRICAL CURRENT WITHIN A BUILDING TRAVELS BETWEEN THE SERVICE ENTRANCE & LOADS BY MEANS OF CONDUCTORS.

INTERIOR WIRING & DISTRIBUTION INTRODUCTION CONDUCTORS DESCRIPTION MATERIALS AMPACITY SIZING INSULATION TYPES RACEWAY COPPER CONDUCTORS: EVALUATION: LOW RESISTIVITY. SMALL SIZE CONDUCTOR. HIGHER COST THAN ALUMINUM APPLICATION: USED FOR SMALLER CONDUCTORS. CONDUCTORS

INTERIOR WIRING & DISTRIBUTION INTRODUCTION CONDUCTORS DESCRIPTION MATERIALS AMPACITY SIZING INSULATION TYPES RACEWAY ALUMINUM CONDUCTORS: EVALUATION: HIGHER RESISTIVITY THAN COPPER REQUIRING LARGER CONDUCTORS. POTENTIAL FIRE HAZARD: FILM OF ALUMINUM OXIDE FORMS VERY QUICKLY ON ANY EXPOSED ALUMINUM SURFACE, LOWERING CONDUCTIVITY & CAUSING THE JOINT TO HEAT UP. JOINTS BETWEEN TWO ALUMINUM WIRES TEND TO LOOSEN OVER TIME. LIGHTER WEIGHT THAN COPPER. LOWER COST THAN COPPER. CONDUCTORS

INTERIOR WIRING & DISTRIBUTION INTRODUCTION CONDUCTORS DESCRIPTION MATERIALS AMPACITY SIZING INSULATION TYPES RACEWAY ALUMINUM CONDUCTORS: APPLICATION: DESIRABLE FOR LARGE CONDUCTORS. HIGH VOLTAGE TRANSMISSION LINES . INSTALLATION WHERE PROPER EQUIPMENT, TECHNIQUES & SKILLED WORKERS CAN OVER COME SAFETY CONCERNS & ITS LIGHTER WEIGHT & LOWER COST MAKE IT DESIRABLE. CONDUCTORS

INTERIOR WIRING & DISTRIBUTION AMPACITY: THE CURRENT, IN AMPERES, THAT A CONDUCTOR CAN CARRY CONTINUOUSLY UNDER CONDITIONS OF USE WITHOUT EXCEEDING ITS TEMPERATURE RATING. FOR A GIVEN ENVIRONMENT (OPEN-AIR, BURIED IN EARTH OR ENCLOSED), AMPACITY INCREASES WITH CONDUCTOR SIZE AND WITH MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE INSULATION TEMPERATURE. INTRODUCTION CONDUCTORS DESCRIPTION MATERIALS AMPACITY SIZING INSULATION TYPES RACEWAY CONDUCTORS

INTERIOR WIRING & DISTRIBUTION INTRODUCTION CONDUCTORS DESCRIPTION MATERIALS AMPACITY SIZING INSULATION TYPES RACEWAY OVERSIZING: ALLOWS FOR FUTURE ADDITIONS OF MORE LOADS (CONCEALED BEHIND WALLS, FLOORS AND CEILINGS WIRE IS HARD TO GET AT). ENERGY COST SAVINGS: LARGER WIRE HAS LESS RESISTANCE, LESS ENERGY IS LOST IN HEAT. HEAT IS PROPORTIONAL TO I2R CONDUCTORS

INTERIOR WIRING & DISTRIBUTION INTRODUCTION CONDUCTORS DESCRIPTION MATERIALS AMPACITY SIZING INSULATION TYPES RACEWAY AMERICAN WIRE GAUGE (AWG) SYSTEM: SIZING SYSTEM USED FOR SMALLER CONDUCTORS. DECREASING NUMBERS INDICATE LARGER DIAMETER. RANGE IS FROM N0.18 (SMALLEST) TO NO. 0000 (LARGEST). NO. 12 & 14 ARE USED FOR LIGHTING & GENERAL RECEPTACLE WIRING. CONDUCTORS

INTERIOR WIRING & DISTRIBUTION INTRODUCTION CONDUCTORS DESCRIPTION MATERIALS AMPACITY SIZING INSULATION TYPES RACEWAY THOUSAND CIRCULAR MILS (MCM) SYSTEM: SIZING SYSTEM USED FOR LARGER CONDUCTORS. INCREASING NUMBER MEANS INCREASE IN DIAMETER. COMMON SIZES: 250, 300, 400, & 500 MCM. A CIRCULAR MIL IS THE SQUARE OF THE CABLE DIAMETER IN MILS, WHICH ARE THOUSANDTHS OF AN INCH. EXAMPLE: ½” DIAMETER = 500 MILS 5002 = 250,000 CIRCULAR MILS OR 250 MCM CONDUCTORS

INTERIOR WIRING & DISTRIBUTION INTRODUCTION CONDUCTORS DESCRIPTION MATERIALS AMPACITY SIZING INSULATION TYPES RACEWAY CONDUCTOR SIZING: THE NEC PRESCRIBES THE TYPE AND SIZE OF WIRES ALLOWABLE FOR ANY PARTICULAR APPLICATION. COUNTRIES OUTSIDE THE USA USE METRIC UNITS (WIRE DIAMETERS ARE IN MILLIMETER). CONDUCTORS

INTERIOR WIRING & DISTRIBUTION INTRODUCTION CONDUCTORS DESCRIPTION MATERIALS AMPACITY SIZING INSULATION TYPES RACEWAY INSULATION: PURPOSE: TO GUARD AGAINST THE RISK OF SHOCK AND ELECTROCUTION. TO GUARD AGAINST FIRE FROM EXPOSURE TO HOT CONDUCTORS. MATERIALS: THERMOPLASTICS, SUCH AS, PVC. CONDUCTORS

INTERIOR WIRING & DISTRIBUTION INTRODUCTION CONDUCTORS DESCRIPTION MATERIALS AMPACITY SIZING INSULATION TYPES RACEWAY INSULATION: COLOR-CODING: USED ON INSULATION OF WIRE SMALLER THAN #4 AWG. WHITE OR GRAY: NEUTRAL WIRES. GREEN: GROUNDING WIRES. OTHER COLORS (RED, BLACK, BLUE, ETC.): HOT WIRES CONDUCTORS

INTERIOR WIRING & DISTRIBUTION INTRODUCTION CONDUCTORS DESCRIPTION MATERIALS AMPACITY SIZING INSULATION TYPES RACEWAY TYPES OF CONDUCTORS: BUSBAR: LARGE FLAT CONDUCTORS, USUALLY OF SOLID COPPER OR ALUMINUM, USED FOR CARRYING VERY HIGH CURRENT. CONDUCTORS

INTERIOR WIRING & DISTRIBUTION INTRODUCTION CONDUCTORS DESCRIPTION MATERIALS AMPACITY SIZING INSULATION TYPES RACEWAY TYPES OF CONDUCTORS: CABLE: TWO OR MORE SEPARATELY INSULATED CONDUCTORS GROUPED TOGETHER WITHIN A COMMON SHEATHING. IT ALSO REFERS TO A SINGLE INSULATED CONDUCTOR SIZE NO. 6 AWG OR LARGER. CONDUCTORS

INTERIOR WIRING & DISTRIBUTION INTRODUCTION CONDUCTORS DESCRIPTION MATERIALS AMPACITY SIZING INSULATION TYPES RACEWAY TYPES OF CONDUCTORS: WIRE: A SINGLE CONDUCTOR NO. 8 AWG OR SMALLER SHEATHED WITH AN INSULATION COVER. CONDUCTORS

INTERIOR WIRING & DISTRIBUTION INTRODUCTION CONDUCTORS DESCRIPTION MATERIALS AMPACITY SIZING INSULATION TYPES RACEWAY TYPES OF CONDUCTORS: FLEXIBLE CORD: ALSO CALLED LAMP CORD. CONSISTS OF MANY STRANDS OF FINE WIRE, WHICH ALLOWS FOR MORE FLEXIBILITY. USED ONLY TO CONNECT PORTABLE LAMPS, APPLIANCES & TOOL TO PLUG-IN RECEPTACLES. IT IS NEVER PERMITTED AS PERMANENT WIRING. CONDUCTORS

INTERIOR WIRING & DISTRIBUTION INTRODUCTION CONDUCTORS RACEWAY DESCRIPTION CONDUIT WIREWAYS SURFACE METAL RACEWAYS CABLE TRAYS FLOOR RACEWAYS CEILING RACEWAYS BUSWAYS CABLEBUS ANY CHANNEL USED FOR SUPPORTING & PROTECTING CONDUCTORS. RACEWAY

INTERIOR WIRING & DISTRIBUTION INTRODUCTION CONDUCTORS RACEWAY DESCRIPTION CONDUIT WIREWAYS SURFACE METAL RACEWAYS CABLE TRAYS FLOOR RACEWAYS CEILING RACEWAYS BUSWAYS CABLEBUS RIGID CONDUIT: SAFEST ALL CONNECTIONS ARE RIGID & WALL THICKNESS IS THE SAME AS SCHEDULE 40 PLUMBING PIPING. RACEWAY

INTERIOR WIRING & DISTRIBUTION INTRODUCTION CONDUCTORS RACEWAY DESCRIPTION CONDUIT WIREWAYS SURFACE METAL RACEWAYS CABLE TRAYS FLOOR RACEWAYS CEILING RACEWAYS BUSWAYS CABLEBUS INTERMEDIATE METALLIC CONDUIT (IMC): STEEL CONDUIT WITH THINNER WALLS THAN PLUMBING PIPING. SLIGHTLY LESS EXPENSIVE. GENERALLY AS ACCEPTABLE FOR CONDUIT AS RIGID CONDUIT. RACEWAY

INTERIOR WIRING & DISTRIBUTION INTRODUCTION CONDUCTORS RACEWAY DESCRIPTION CONDUIT WIREWAYS SURFACE METAL RACEWAYS CABLE TRAYS FLOOR RACEWAYS CEILING RACEWAYS BUSWAYS CABLEBUS ELECTRICAL METALLIC TUBING (EMT): ALSO CALLED THIN WALL. THE THINNEST OF THE SIMPLE METAL CONDUITS. IT IS GALVANIZED & CONNECTIONS ARE MADE WITH A SPECIAL CLAMPING SYSTEM RATHER THAN THREADING. RACEWAY

INTERIOR WIRING & DISTRIBUTION INTRODUCTION CONDUCTORS RACEWAY DESCRIPTION CONDUIT WIREWAYS SURFACE METAL RACEWAYS CABLE TRAYS FLOOR RACEWAYS CEILING RACEWAYS BUSWAYS CABLEBUS FLEXIBLE METAL CONDUIT: ALSO CALLED FLEX & GREENFIELD. MAY BE USED EVERY WHERE EXCEPT UNDERGROUND. IT IS USEFUL FOR GETTING AROUND OBSTRUCTIONS & MAKING EQUIPMENT CONNECTIONS. RACEWAY

INTERIOR WIRING & DISTRIBUTION INTRODUCTION CONDUCTORS RACEWAY DESCRIPTION CONDUIT WIREWAYS SURFACE METAL RACEWAYS CABLE TRAYS FLOOR RACEWAYS CEILING RACEWAYS BUSWAYS CABLEBUS RIGID NONMETALIC CONDUIT: PVC RACEWAY

INTERIOR WIRING & DISTRIBUTION INTRODUCTION CONDUCTORS RACEWAY DESCRIPTION CONDUIT WIREWAYS SURFACE METAL RACEWAYS CABLE TRAYS FLOOR RACEWAYS CEILING RACEWAYS BUSWAYS CABLEBUS WIREWAYS: SHEET-METAL TROUGHS WITH HINGED OR REMOVABLE COVERS USED TO CARRY UP TO 30 CABLES. RACEWAY

INTERIOR WIRING & DISTRIBUTION INTRODUCTION CONDUCTORS RACEWAY DESCRIPTION CONDUIT WIREWAYS SURFACE METAL RACEWAYS CABLE TRAYS FLOOR RACEWAYS CEILING RACEWAYS BUSWAYS CABLEBUS SIMILAR TO WIREWAYS, CONSISTING OF A BACKPLATE FASTENED TO A WALL SURFACE, & A SNAP-ON COVER IN A VARIETY OF SHAPES & STYLES. RACEWAY

INTERIOR WIRING & DISTRIBUTION INTRODUCTION CONDUCTORS RACEWAY DESCRIPTION CONDUIT WIREWAYS SURFACE METAL RACEWAYS CABLE TRAYS FLOOR RACEWAYS CEILING RACEWAYS BUSWAYS CABLEBUS CABLE TRAYS: OPEN TRACK SUPPORTS FOR HEAVILY INSULATED CABLES. USED IN INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS. RACEWAY

INTERIOR WIRING & DISTRIBUTION INTRODUCTION CONDUCTORS RACEWAY DESCRIPTION CONDUIT WIREWAYS SURFACE METAL RACEWAYS CABLE TRAYS FLOOR RACEWAYS CEILING RACEWAYS BUSWAYS CABLEBUS DESCRIPTION: ALLOWS VERSATILITY IN THE LAYOUT OF PARTITIONS OR FURNITURE IN OPEN OFFICE PLANS, EXHIBIT HALLS, MERCHANDIZING AREAS OR ANY OTHER OPEN SPACE BY PROVIDING CONNECTIONS VIRTUALLY ANYWHERE ON THE FLOOR REGARDLESS OF PROXIMITY TO WALLS. RACEWAY

INTERIOR WIRING & DISTRIBUTION INTRODUCTION CONDUCTORS RACEWAY DESCRIPTION CONDUIT WIREWAYS SURFACE METAL RACEWAYS CABLE TRAYS FLOOR RACEWAYS CEILING RACEWAYS BUSWAYS CABLEBUS UNDER-FLOOR RACEWAY: UNDER-FLOOR DISTRIBUTION THROUGH DUCTS. HIGH INITIAL COST. RACEWAY

INTERIOR WIRING & DISTRIBUTION INTRODUCTION CONDUCTORS RACEWAY DESCRIPTION CONDUIT WIREWAYS SURFACE METAL RACEWAYS CABLE TRAYS FLOOR RACEWAYS CEILING RACEWAYS BUSWAYS CABLEBUS CELLULAR FLOOR RACEWAY: CHANNELS WIRING THROUGH CELLS OR LONGITUDINAL VOIDS SERVING AS PART OF THE STRUCTURAL SYSTEM OF THE FLOOR. MORE FLEXIBLE THAN UNDER-FLOOR RACEWAY. ALLOW FOR REARRANGEMENT OF LAYOUT AT A LOWER EXPENSE. HIGH INITIAL COST. RACEWAY

INTERIOR WIRING & DISTRIBUTION INTRODUCTION CONDUCTORS RACEWAY DESCRIPTION CONDUIT WIREWAYS SURFACE METAL RACEWAYS CABLE TRAYS FLOOR RACEWAYS CEILING RACEWAYS BUSWAYS CABLEBUS UNDER FLOOR CONDUIT: APPLICABLE ONLY TO FIXED LAYOUTS. LOW INITIAL COSTS. RACEWAY

INTERIOR WIRING & DISTRIBUTION INTRODUCTION CONDUCTORS RACEWAY DESCRIPTION CONDUIT WIREWAYS SURFACE METAL RACEWAYS CABLE TRAYS FLOOR RACEWAYS CEILING RACEWAYS BUSWAYS CABLEBUS FLAT CABLE: MORE FLEXIBILITY. WIRING MUST BE ACCESSIBLE THROUGH CARPET SQUARES. FLOOR UNDERNEATH MUST BE COMPLETELY SMOOTH. LOW INITIAL COSTS. RACEWAY

INTERIOR WIRING & DISTRIBUTION INTRODUCTION CONDUCTORS RACEWAY DESCRIPTION CONDUIT WIREWAYS SURFACE METAL RACEWAYS CABLE TRAYS FLOOR RACEWAYS CEILING RACEWAYS BUSWAYS CABLEBUS CEILING RACEWAYS: NETWORK OF WIREWAYS RUN ABOVE A SUSPENDED LAY-IN TILE CEILING. ACCESSED WITH FLOOR –TO-CEILING POWER POLES. LOWER COST THAN UNDER-FLOOR OR CELLULAR FLOOR SYSTEMS. EASY ACCESS TO WIRING. RACEWAY

INTERIOR WIRING & DISTRIBUTION INTRODUCTION CONDUCTORS RACEWAY DESCRIPTION CONDUIT WIREWAYS SURFACE METAL RACEWAYS CABLE TRAYS FLOOR RACEWAYS CEILING RACEWAYS BUSWAYS CABLEBUS BUSWAY: RIGID ASSEMBLY CONSISTING OF ONE OR MORE BUSBAR BOLTED SECURELY TO INSULATING SUPPORTS WITH A STEEL HOUSING. NECESSARY TO CARRY LARGE AMOUNTS OF CURRENT. FOUND IN ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT ROOMS OR FEEDERS IN INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS. RACEWAY

INTERIOR WIRING & DISTRIBUTION INTRODUCTION CONDUCTORS RACEWAY DESCRIPTION CONDUIT WIREWAYS SURFACE METAL RACEWAYS CABLE TRAYS FLOOR RACEWAYS CEILING RACEWAYS BUSWAYS CABLEBUS CABLEBUS: SIMILAR TO VENTILATED BUSWAY, EXCEPT THAT IT USES INSULATED CABLES INSTEAD OF BUSBARS. THESE CABLES ARE RIGIDLY MOUNTED IN AN OPEN SPACE FRAME. SINCE THE ENCLOSURE IS VENTILATED THE AIR-COOLED CABLES CAN BE UNDERSIZED. RACEWAY