Age Of Imperialism Imperialism – extension and domination of a strong nation’s power over weaker nations MOTIVATIONS 1. ECONOMIC INTERESTS : 2 Ways: Colonization: European nations built colonies in Africa & Asia to gain resources overseas (Rubber, Tin, Oil) - Spheres of Influence (Europeans had exclusive trading rights). 2. POLITICAL/MILITARY INTERESTS: Enhance National Prestige, build overseas harbors and military bases, stop expansion of rivals 3. RACIAL & CULTURAL SUPERIORITY: Social Darwinism 4. RELIGIOUS GOALS: Missionaries spread Christianity

What methods did Bismarck use to unify Germany? Bell ringer Define: Nationalism What methods did Bismarck use to unify Germany?

NATIONS THAT BECAME IMPERIALISTIC Britain (leaders) Germany France Russia Belgium USA

Nations That Were Partially or Completely Taken Over Almost entire continent of Africa (besides Ethiopia & Liberia) Egypt India China French Indochina (Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia)

Bell ringer Define: Imperialism What were the motivations of countries to conquer?

Western expansion succeeded for a number of reasons. Disadvantages of the non-Western nations Ottoman and Chinese civilizations in decline. The slave trade damaged African nations. Advantages of the Western nations strong economies and well- organized governments. superior technology in weapons, communication, medicine, and transportation.

FORMS OF IMPERIAL RULE Direct Rule: Mother country would send soldiers, officials to rule the imperialized country French often used to impose culture Indirect Rule: Local rulers used to administer British often used this to encourage ruling family to learn British culture Protectorate: local rulers left in place but expected to follow European advisors Sphere of Influence: area in which an outside power claimed exclusive investment or trading priviliges

HOW DID SUBJECT PEOPLES OF IMPERIALISM REACT? Africans and Asians strongly resisted expansion Some fought back (weapons inferior) Some tried to reform their own traditions Some organized nationalistic movements against Western powers

Write down everything you know about WORLD WAR I. Bell Ringer 11/14/2011 Write down everything you know about WORLD WAR I.

Social Darwinist Thinking - Social Darwinism: Idea that White, Western culture was superior to other cultures around world - Continuation of Manifest Destiny The White Man’s Burden The Hierarchy of Race

“White Man’s Burden” by Rudyard Kipling “Take up the White Man's burden-- Send forth the best ye breed-- Go bind your sons to exile To serve your captives' need; To wait in heavy harness, On fluttered folk and wild-- Your new-caught, sullen peoples, Half-devil and half-child.”

Imperialism Propaganda

Bell ringer Define: Nationalism Explain: Social Darwinism What advantages did Imperial Nations have over their subjects?

Cecil Rhodes – British Imperialist

PARTITION OF AFRICA Scramble for Africa: intense rivalry among European nations Began when King Leopold II claimed Congo for Belgium - Industrialized nations sought to control African lands & natural resources - Berlin Conference of 1884: arbitrary partition of Africa among European nations, not 1 African nation present

Cecil Rhodes – British Imperialist

Bell Ringer What were the various forms of Imperial rule? How did subject peoples react to Imperialism? Write down the following questions for CNN Student News: What country recently tested missiles? Why is Al-Shahaab considered dangerous? What is the purpose of International Women’s Day? In what ways are women seeing progress in Saudi Arabia? What are the advantages of the Smart Arm?

BELLRINGER Identify: Berlin Conference Leopold of Belgium

Problems in Islamic Civilizations Muslim societies in decline, due to powerful European imperialists forcing them to sign unequal treaties Ottoman Empire a prime example: Nationalist revolts broke out all over Empire, Europe controlled lost territories Attempt to Westernize (western ideas, medicine, technology) Young Turk Party created to overthrow Sultan, looked to modernize empire

ARMENIAN GENOCIDE Armenians: Christian minorities who looked to establish own nation Muslim Turks accused Armenians of working with Russia Ottomans slaughtered over 1 million Armenians during World War I

ARMENIAN GENOCIDE

Bell ringer What issues were the Ottoman Empire that led to its decline?

Problems in Islamic Civilizations Egypt independent of Ottoman Empire looking to modernize, Muhammad Ali institutes Western reforms, but successors were weak Suez Canal built: connected Mediterranean & Red Seas British forcefully took control of the Suez Canal & Egypt made a protectorate Europeans interest peaked in Middle East with discovery of oil

What issues were the Ottoman Empire that led to its decline? Bell ringer Why is the Suez Canal crisis considered a perfect example of European Imperialism? What issues were the Ottoman Empire that led to its decline?

10. Steps to British Imperialism in India - East India Company – British owned, dominates India, Spread Western Culture throughout India- challenging Muslim & Hindu traditions (Banning “Sati” & end to Caste System), turned them against each other Sepoy Rebellion of 1857: Sepoys: Indian soldiers who revolted against British officers during training Sepoys killed British civilians, British officers killed unarmed Indians Result - Britain took control of India

British Colonial Soldiers

BELLRINGER What country was controlling India during the 1800’s? What was the result of the Sepoy Rebellion (Mutiny)?

11. BRITISH IMPACT ON INDIA Social Impact: Introduction of medical improvements, new farming methods led to population growth Better, formal education Cultural Impact: Many began to see value in British education Discussion of abolishing old orders (Caste system, child marriage) Political Impact: Most prominent position filled by British officials Indian National Congress: headed by western-educated Indian Nationalists calling for greater democracy for Indians

Bell Ringer What was the result of the Sepoy Rebellion? What was Britain’s political and cultural impact on India?

12. IMPERIALISM IN CHINA China had passed laws excluding Europeans from trade with China for centuries European nations began asserting influence (Spheres of Influence) through Opium trade; set off Opium Wars Chinese forced to sign unequal treaties: British now given ability to have exclusive trading rights with China

Chinese Reform Attempts Taiping Rebellion: most devastating peasant rebellion in history Chinese slow to Industrialize Failed Attempts at reforming and modernizing: Self-Strengthening Movement 100 Days Reform Boxer Rebellion (1899) Boxers slogan, “destroy the foreigner” Army of several developed nations sent to crush the Boxers

Bell Ringer What is the political cartoon explaining in regard to the relationship between China and the European powers?

Bell Ringer Identify: Sepoy Rebellion Opium Wars Boxer Rebellion

13. The effects of Western imperialism Cultural Christianity spread. Some colonized people lost confidence in their own cultures. Traditions were weakened. Political Colonizers defined arbitrary borders. Colonized people struggled for their independence. Economic Colonized people grew cash crops instead of food. Imports of goods destroyed local cottage industries.

Effects of Imperialism 1) European Conflicts 2) European/African Conflicts 3) European/Asian Conflicts 4) More colonies, protectorates, & spheres of influence 5) Western Dominance

ASSIGNMENT Why did European countries participate in Imperialism and a race for colonies? Give Examples. 2. What were some responses of colonized peoples to European Imperialism? Give examples.