2017 Modern South Asia PowerPoint Political Issues

Chapter 25 India

Religious Conflict and Terrorism in India

Religious Conflict and Terrorism in India Since the 1947 Partition of India and Pakistan, there has been religious tensions in India between the Hindus and Muslims and the Hindus and Sikhs. Examples of Terrorism Between Hindus and Muslims in India: 1990 - Muslim separatist groups begin campaign of violence in Kashmir. 1992 - Hindu extremists demolish mosque in Ayodhya, triggering widespread Hindu- Muslim violence. 2001 December - India imposes sanctions against Pakistan, to force it to take action against two Kashmir militant groups blamed for the suicide attack on parliament. Pakistan retaliates with similar sanctions, and bans the groups in January. 2002 February - Inter-religious bloodshed breaks out after 59 Hindu pilgrims returning from Ayodhya are killed in a train fire in Godhra, Gujarat. More than 1,000 people, mainly Muslims, die in subsequent violence. Police and officials blamed the fire on a Muslim mob, but a 2005 government investigation said it was an accident. In 2012 a court convicts 32 people over the Naroda Patiya riots in Ahmedabad. 2006 11 July - More than 180 people are killed in bomb attacks on rush-hour trains in Mumbai. Investigators blame Islamic militants based in Pakistan.

1992 Destruction of Mosque

1992 Riots

Examples of Religious Terrorism in India between Hindus and Muslims 2007 May - At least nine people are killed in a bomb explosion at the main mosque in Hyderabad. Several others are killed in subsequent rioting. 2008 July - Series of explosions kills 49 in Ahmedabad, in Gujarat state. The little-known militant Islamist group Indian Mujahideen claims responsibility. 2008 November - Nearly 200 people are killed and hundreds injured in a series of co-ordinated attacks by gunmen on the main tourist and business area of India's financial capital Mumbai. India blames militants from Pakistan for the attacks and demands that Islamabad act against those responsible. 2010 September - Allahabad High Court rules that the disputed holy site of Ayodhya should be divided between Hindus and Muslims; the destruction of a mosque on the site by Hindu extremists in 1992 led to rioting in which about 2,000 people died.

2008 Mumbai Attacks

Examples of Religious Terrorism Between Hindus and Sikhs in India The tensions between the Hindus and Sikhs have resulted in: 1984 - Troops storm Golden Temple - Sikhs' most holy shrine - to flush out Sikh militants pressing for self-rule. 1984 - Indira Gandhi assassinated by Sikh bodyguards, following which her son, Rajiv, takes over.

Nuclear Weapons---India and Pakistan

Have To Go To YouTube To Watch https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6zcI6u6oTCw How Powerful Is India? Seeker Daily Published on Oct 17, 2014 Running Time of 3:23 Minutes India is the second most populated country in the world, but a headcount like that doesn't necessarily mean they possess formidable military force. So how much power does India really have? Is this rapidly growing nation a threat to other countries?

Have To Go To YouTube To Watch https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DAlbIwwxVCw How Powerful Is Pakistan? Seeker Daily Published on Mar 30, 2015 Running Time of 3:12 Minutes Pakistan is the only Muslim country to possess nuclear weapons technology and has become a relevant player in international politics. So, just how powerful is Pakistan?

Chapter 26 Pakistan and Bangladesh

Civil War between Pakistan and Bangladesh

Causes of Civil War They were separated by nearly 1,600 km of Indian land, spoke different languages (Urdu in the West, Bangla in the East) and had different cultural histories. As the capital city was in West Pakistan, the East thought that the country was being unfairly ruled. Finally, the government declared that 'Urdu and only Urdu' would be the national language of all Pakistan. This was a language that virtually no one in East Pakistan spoke.

Over 1,000 miles between the 2 regions Muslim, but different cultures The West area dominated the political ways of the country. Split into Pakistan & Bangladesh 1971

Challenges in South Asia The history of other nations in South Asia has been as turbulent as that of India. Today, those nations face a range of challenges. 1947, Pakistan created in two parts, West and East Separate areas, deep differences in language, religion, culture Government policies, spending favored West, East remained poor Civil War in Pakistan 1971, East Pakistan decided to seek independence Pakistani government responded with armed force Civil war followed, thousands of people died India Joins the Battle After India sent troops to support East Pakistan, Pakistan was forced to accept the independence of the East—now called Bangladesh.

The Guinness Book of Records lists the Bangladesh Genocide as one of the top 5 genocides in the 20th century.

Have To Go To YouTube To Watch https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YHfz_U-cXxI Why Do Pakistan And Bangladesh Hate Each Other? Seeker Daily Published on Jan 24, 2016 Running Time of 2:53 Minutes Pakistan and Bangladesh have had rocky relations since Britain ended its rule in the region in 1947. So why don't the countries get along?

Current State of Pakistan and Bangladesh

Bangladesh and Pakistan One of poorest, most densely populated countries in the world Only a few feet above sea level, devastating floods, storms often sweep across country, killing many, leading to widespread famine Series of governments since independence Now trying to build stable democracy Troubles in Bangladesh Pakistan has also faced instability since civil war Ethnic, religious conflicts common Disagreements about role of Islam in government Many leaders have taken power; some elected, some through military coups Instability in Pakistan

Pakistani Government and History of Political Instability

Politics Pakistan goes back and forth from being a democracy and being ruled by a military dictator after a coup. Pakistani politics have a tradition of being underhanded, violent, and volatile.

A Pattern of Instability Many different governments rule Pakistan, non achieve stability Benazir Bhutto leads Pakistan in 1980s and 1990s but is ousted. The military now rules. Bhutto is assassinated in 2007. U.S. President George W. Bush condemned the assassination in a 27 December press conference.

Pakistan Politics Jinnah (1947)>> <<Zulfikar Bhutto (1973-77) Benazir Bhutto>> (1988-90, 93-96) Sharif (1990-93, 97-99) Zardari (now) << Musharraf (1999-2008)

History of Pakistan’s Political Leaders 1948: Muhammad Ali Jinnah, founding father of Pakistan, dies 1951: Jinnah’s successor, Liaquat Ali Khan is assassinated. 1956: Constitution proclaims Pakistan as Islamic Republic. 1958: General Ayyub Khan becomes president. 1969: General Yahya Khan takes over in a coup. 1973: Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto (Benazir’s father) becomes PM. 1979: General Zia ul-Haq overthrows and hangs Bhutto in a military coup & becomes president. Daughter Benazir goes into exile, returns in 1986. 1988: Gen. Zia dies in mysterious plane crash. Bhutto’s Pakistan’s Peoples Party wins election & she becomes PM. 1990: Benazir Bhutto is dismissed as PM on charges of incompetence & corruption.

History of Pakistan’s Leaders Continued 1991: PM Nawaz Sharif begins economic liberalization. 1993: PM Sharif resigns under pressure from military. General election brings Bhutto back to power. 1996: President Leghari dismisses Bhutto’s government amid corruption allegations. 1996: Nawaz Sharif returns as PM after his Pakistan Muslim League wins elections. 1999: Bhutto and her husband are convicted of corruption and sentenced. Benazir flees to exile. Later that year Sharif is overthrown by General Pervez Musharraf in a military coup. 2002: Musharraf grants himself new powers including the right to dismiss parliament. 2007: Bhutto’s and Sharif’s parties protest Musharraf. Musharraf takes over media and communication networks. 2008: Musharraf forced to step down in face of impeachment 2011: Musharraf indicted for assassination of Benazir Bhutto

Threat of Taliban to Pakistan

Taliban Connections Rooted in Pakistan The Taliban emerged as a powerful movement in late 1994 when Pakistan chose the Taliban to guard a convoy trying to open a trade route from Pakistan to Central Asia. With Pakistan providing weapons, military training, and financial support, the Taliban gained control over several Afghan cities and successfully captured Kabul in September 1996

Taliban Connections to Pakistan Pakistani support for the Taliban is based on strong religious and ethnic bonds between the Taliban and Pakistan, especially with the tribal areas on the North-West borders of Pakistan. Most of the Taliban’s leaders were educated in refugee camps in Pakistan where they had escaped the Soviet invasion. Taliban militants are Sunni Muslim Pashtuns, and Pashtuns constitute thirteen percent of the total population of Pakistan. Pashtuns dominate the Pakistani military and are concentrated in the North-West Frontier province, which was the command center for the Mujahedeen groups fighting the Soviet troops and a major destination for the Afghan refugees

Pakistani Taliban Numbers There are about 40 militant groups with a combined membership between 30,000 and 35,000. They are decentralized and do not always agree. They use social networks to recruit, raise funds, and to harass people.

Have To Go To YouTube To Watch https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fvfAPiJx_K4 What Does The Taliban Want In Pakistan? Seeker Daily Published on Jan 8, 2015 Running Time of 3:10 Minutes Last month, the Pakistani Taliban attacked a school in Peshawar and killed 132 children. This is one of the largest attacks the nation has ever seen. Who are the Pakistani Taliban and what exactly are their motives?

Taliban and Malala

Malala

Malala was born July 12th 1997 in Mingora, Pakistan Malala was born July 12th 1997 in Mingora, Pakistan. She lived with her parents who later had two sons. For the first few years of her life, her hometown remained a popular tourist spot that was known for its summer festivals. However, the area began to change as the Taliban tried to take control.

In the area Malala lived, known as the Swat Valley, the Taliban, at times, banned girls from attending school. Malala spoke out for the right of children, of girls in a place where some people believe that girls should not go to school. She attended a school that her father had founded. After the Taliban began attacking girls' schools in Swat, Malala gave a speech in Peshawar, Pakistan, in September 2008. The title of her talk was, "How dare the Taliban take away my basic right to education?"

In 2009, Malala begin to write a blog under a different name In 2009, Malala begin to write a blog under a different name. She wrote about life under the Taliban rule and shared her views on promoting education for girls. As a result of the World Wide Web, she gained interest from all around the world. Malala began to rise in prominence and gave interviews. She took on the role of chairperson of the District Child Assembly Swat.

On the 9th October 2012, aged 15, Malala was shot by the Taliban whilst returning home on the school bus. Malala was immediately airlifted to Pesawar where they removed the bullet from near her spinal cord. She was later taken to a hospital in London for further treatment. In the days after the attack, she was in a critical condition but later her she began to make a good recovery.

Malala was awarded the International Peace Prize of 2014. Malala said, having been awarded the prize, “My message to children all around the world is that they should stand up for their rights.”

Have To Go To YouTube To Watch https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CXvs1vwiD0M Malala Yousafzai, 16, and Her Miraculous Story of Surviving Being Shot by the Taliban ABC News Published on Oct 11, 2013 Running Time of 4:40 Minutes Youngest nominee of the Nobel Peace Prize was shot in the head fighting for girls' education.