Topic 15- The Age of Imperialism Essential Question- Why do people move?

15.1- Motives for Imperialism

A strong nation takes over a weak nation What is imperialism? Domination by one country of the political, economic or cultural life of another country or region A strong nation takes over a weak nation OR In the mid-late 1800s Europeans would look to Latin America, Africa, The Middle East, India, Southeast Asia, and China to expand their overseas empires.

The New Imperialism, 1870-1914 The Industrial Revolution had strengthened Western Powers and given them confidence. This led to aggressive expansion called The New Imperialism— 1870-1914 was the most active time of the Imperialistic activity. The Western Powers included Britain, Spain, Germany, Italy, Russia, France, and the United States

Motives (Justifications) for Imperialism There were three primary motives for Imperialism: Economic Political/Military Humanitarian Humanitarian- concerned with or seeking to promote human welfare

Economic Motives The Industrial Revolution created a booming industry that needed natural resources and raw materials for manufactured goods. Natural resources: rubber, petroleum, cotton, cocoa, manganese for steel and palm oil for machinery New factories were able to produce large quantities of goods, so the Europeans needed new markets to sell in.

Political/Military Motives As new markets opened around the world, steam ships were relied on to quickly transport goods. However, the new steam powered ships needed safe ports to get more coal and supplies. Both merchant and military ships would access these safe harbors Nationalism also played a role in imperialism. As European nations began to seize territories overseas, it set off a race among rivals British naval bases 2011

Humanitarianism Many Europeans felt it was their duty to spread the blessings of Western Civilization such as medicine, law, and the Christian religion to their “little brothers” across the seas.

Social Darwinism- “survival of the fittest” applied to human society Humanitarianism This civilizing mission was enhanced by a growing belief in the racial superiority of the West Europeans believed in Social Darwinism- the strongest nations would enjoy wealth and success while others perished. The conquest of weaker races was simply nature’s way of improving the human species This idea promotes racism Social Darwinism- “survival of the fittest” applied to human society

White Man’s Burden In 1899, British poet Rudyard Kipling wrote the poem “White Man’s Burden” to convince others to take up the “burden” of empire “Take up the White Man’s Burden Send forth the best ye breed Go bind your sons to exile To serve your captives’ need; To wait in heavy harness On fluttered folk and wild Your new-caught, sullen peoples Half-devil and half-child.” -Rudyard Kipling

Why did Imperialism work? Old civilizations were declining including the largest empires: The Ottomans in the Middle East Mughals in India Qing in China West African nations Western Civilizations had industrialized and had: Strong economies with well organized governments Medical knowledge to survive tropical diseases Superior gun power, such as the Maxim machine gun

Imperial Rule New imperialism took several forms Colonies- ruled directly or indirectly Protectorate Spheres of influence

Colonies Colonies were run by a bureaucracy: governors, officials, and soldiers to control the people Direct rule (France)- goal was to impose their culture on their colonies; reflected Europeans’ belief that colonial people were incapable of ruling themselves Indirect rule (England)- traditional rulers remained, but had little actual power and had to be loyal to the ruling country.

Protectorates Local rulers were left in power but they had to accept the “advice” of the European Advisors on issues such as taxes, trade and foreign relations. Protectorates were less costly because they only require a minimal military commitment, unless there is a crisis or revolt. Protectorate- country with its own government but under the control of an outside power

Spheres of Influence Europeans carved out spheres of influence in areas like China to prevent conflict with one another. The United States claimed a Sphere of Influence over all of Latin America with the Monroe Doctrine to hold off any European powers that might compete with their interests Sphere of Influence- an area in which an outside power claims exclusive investment and trading privileges

Review The 19th century term “White Man’s Burden” reflects the idea that Asians and Africans were equal to Europeans Asians and Africans would be grateful for European help imperialism was opposed by most Europeans Europeans had a responsibility to improve the lives of the colonial peoples

Review British control over South Africa, French control over Indochina, and Spanish control over Mexico are examples of nonalignment appeasement imperialism isolationism

Review In the past, European nations have conquered other lands, made them into colonies, and controlled their economies. This statement describes a situation that resulted from the industrialization of Europe and the need for raw materials desire of Europeans to spread communism throughout the world European belief in human rights for all people requests of developing nations for modern machines and technology

Review Which statement best expresses the motive for 19th- century European imperialism? Living space was needed for the excess population in western Europe. European leaders believed imperialism was an effective method of reducing the number of wars. Imperialism would benefit the economies of the colonial powers. European nations would benefit from some aspects of the conquered nation’s culture.